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巴金森症候群

本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換
維基百科，自由的百科全書
  「帕金森綜合症」重新導向至此。關於其他用法，請見「巴金森氏症」。
巴金森症候群
Parkinsonism
病因
分類和外部資源
醫學專科神經學
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
[編輯此條目的維基數據]

巴金森症候群（Parkinsonism）是和運動機能相關的臨床症候群，其特徵是顫抖、運動功能減退、僵硬（英語：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障礙[1][2]。在巴金森氏症（PD）患者身上會有類似症狀（此症候群因此而得名），而路易氏體失智症（DLB）、巴金森氏症性失智症（英語：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也會有此症狀。這類症候群的病因範圍很廣，包括神經退化障礙疾病、藥物、毒素、代謝疾病，或是巴金森氏症以外的神經性疾病[3]。

病因

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藥物引起

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有巴金森症候群的人當中，約有7%是因為藥物的副作用而造成的，主要是因為抗精神病藥，特別是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻噸（英語：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻噸（英語：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英語：zuclopenthixol））及丁醯苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶爾也有因為抗憂鬱藥物而造成。藥物引起巴金森症候群的盛行率會隨年齡而上昇。藥物引起的巴金森症候群一但出現，多半會維持原有的程度，不像巴金森氏症會漸漸惡化[4]。

毒素

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有發現殺蟲劑或除草劑暴露程度和巴金森氏症之間的關聯性。若暴露在百草枯或錳乃浦（英語：Maneb）/鋅錳乃浦（英語：Mancozeb）下，風險是原來的兩倍[5]。

已證實慢性錳（Mn）暴露會造成類似巴金森症候群的疾病，其特徵是運動障礙，此症狀無法用典型的巴金森症治療方式（英語：Management of Parkinson's disease）來治療，因此推測除了典型黑質內多巴胺能損失外，包括有其他的致病途徑[6]。錳會在基底核內累積，因此造成運動障礙[7]有一種和SLC30A10基因（錳外流轉運蛋白，減少細胞內錳所必需的蛋白）有關的變異和這種類似巴金森症候群疾病有關[8]。在這疾病中看不到巴金森氏症中典型的路易體（英語：Lewy body）[7]。

診斷

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許多疾病會造成巴金森症候群。

神經退化障礙及巴金森附加症候群（英語：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
藥物引發（偽巴金森症候群）
感染
毒素
創傷
血管的
其他

原發性震顫

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根據2018年的回顧性研究，還不確定巴金森症候群和原發性震顫（英語：essential tremor）是否有關[30]。

參考資料

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外部連結

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