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帕金森症候群

本页使用了标题或全文手工转换
维基百科，自由的百科全书
  “帕金森综合症”重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见“帕金森氏症”。
帕金森症候群
Parkinsonism
病因
分类和外部资源
医学专科神经学
ICD-118A00
ICD-10G21、​G22
DiseasesDB24212
MedlinePlus000759
Orphanet68402
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帕金森症候群（Parkinsonism）是和运动机能相关的临床症候群，其特征是颤抖、运动功能减退、僵硬（英语：Rigidity (neurology)）及平衡障碍[1][2]。在帕金森氏症（PD）患者身上会有类似症状（此症候群因此而得名），而路易氏体失智症（DLB）、帕金森病性失智症（英语：Parkinson's disease dementia）（PDD）等疾病也会有此症状。这类症候群的病因范围很广，包括神经退化障碍疾病、药物、毒素、代谢疾病，或是帕金森氏症以外的神经性疾病[3]。

病因

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药物引起

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有帕金森症候群的人当中，约有7%是因为药物的副作用而造成的，主要是因为抗精神病药，特别是吩噻嗪（例如perphenazine及氯丙嗪）、噻吨（英语：thioxanthene）（例如三氟噻吨（英语：flupenthixol）及珠氯噻醇（英语：zuclopenthixol））及丁酰苯（例如氟哌啶醇），偶尔也有因为抗忧郁药物而造成。药物引起帕金森症候群的盛行率会随年龄而上升。药物引起的帕金森症候群一但出现，多半会维持原有的程度，不像帕金森氏症会渐渐恶化[4]。

毒素

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有发现杀虫剂或除草剂暴露程度和帕金森氏症之间的关联性。若暴露在百草枯或锰乃浦（英语：Maneb）/锌锰乃浦（英语：Mancozeb）下，风险是原来的两倍[5]。

已证实慢性锰（Mn）暴露会造成类似帕金森症候群的疾病，其特征是运动障碍，此症状无法用典型的帕金森症治疗方式（英语：Management of Parkinson's disease）来治疗，因此推测除了典型黑质内多巴胺能损失外，包括有其他的致病途径[6]。锰会在基底核内累积，因此造成运动障碍[7]有一种和SLC30A10基因（锰外流转运蛋白，减少细胞内锰所必需的蛋白）有关的变异和这种类似帕金森症候群疾病有关[8]。在这疾病中看不到帕金森氏症中典型的路易体（英语：Lewy body）[7]。

诊断

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许多疾病会造成帕金森症候群。

神经退化障碍及巴金森附加症候群（英语：Parkinson plus syndrome）[9]
药物引发（伪帕金森症候群）
感染
毒素
创伤
血管的
其他

原发性震颤

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根据2018年的回顾性研究，还不确定帕金森症候群和原发性震颤（英语：essential tremor）是否有关[30]。

参考资料

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外部链接

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