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斯帕夫诉美国案

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斯帕夫诉美国案
(Sparf v. United States)
提出:1894March 5
判决:1895January 21
案件全名Sparf and Hansen v. United States
引注案号156 U.S. 51
15 S. Ct. 273; 39 L. Ed. 343; 1895 U.S. LEXIS 2120
既往案件Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of California
法庭判决
  • If one of two people who have committed murder makes a voluntary confession in front of the other, that confession is admissible against both, however not without the other person witnessing it.
    • A jury must apply the law based on the facts of a case.
    • A court may not direct the jury to return a guilty verdict.
    • A jury may convict someone of a lesser crime provided the elements of that crime are included in the original offense.
    • A court may instruct the jury to consider guilt only the alleged offenses, in the case of a person accused of murder, rather than any lesser offenses.
    • Juries do not have the right to dispute the law, however this does not prevent them from doing so.
法庭意见
多数意见Harlan
联名:Fuller, Field, Jackson, White
协同意见Jackson
不同意见Brewer
联名:Brown
不同意见Gray
联名:Shiras
本案推翻了先前的一项或多项判决
United States v. Susan B. Anthony (1873)

斯帕夫诉美国案(Sparf v. United States, 156 US 51 (1895), or Sparf and Hansen v. United States[1]) 是美国最高法院的案件,考验被控犯有同一罪行的多名被告供述的可采性,以及陪审团的职责。

背景

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1884年1月13日晚上,在前往大溪地岛的航行中,"赫斯珀号"(Hesper)轮船的二副、名叫"莫里斯·菲茨杰拉德"(Maurice Fitzgerald)的男子被发现失踪。船员们相信菲茨杰拉德已经被杀,而他的尸体已被扔到了海里。船长"索德格伦"(Sodergren)怀疑三名船员,即船员"圣克莱尔"(St. Clair)、"汉森"(Hansen)以及"斯帕夫"(Sparf)均参与了谋杀。索德格伦一直将三名嫌疑人关押,直到他们抵达大溪地岛,在那里他们被美国驻大溪地岛领事带上岸,随后与其他人一起乘坐"热带鸟号"(Tropic Bird)轮船被送往旧金山[1]在那里,他们三人因谋杀"菲茨杰拉德"一案受审并被定罪。

判决

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法院于1895年1月21日以5票对4票作出判决,哈兰(Harlan)大法官给出了多数意见。

注释

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Sparf v. United States, 156 U.S. 51 (1895).

参阅

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外部链接

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