User:不寐听江/沙盒

在撒旦的阳光下法語：Sous le soleil de Satan，是法国小说家乔治·贝尔纳诺斯所写的长篇小说。贝尔纳诺斯从1918年开始创作这部作品，1926年完成，由普伦出版社出版。位于世界报20世纪百大书籍第四十五位。

==缘起==

不寐听江/沙盒 Mehmed Selimović
Meša Selimović on a 2010 Serbian stamp
出生	Mehmed Selimović (1910-04-26)1910年4月26日 Tuzla, Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary
逝世	1982年7月11日(1982歲—07—11)（72歲） Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia
墓地	Belgrade New Cemetery
職業	Writer, professor, art director
語言	Serbo-Croatian
國籍	Yugoslavia
母校	University of Belgrade
體裁	novel
代表作	Death and the Dervish (1966)
配偶	Desa Đorđić Darka Božić (d. 1999)
子女	Slobodanka Maša Jesenka

Mehmed "Meša" Selimović (塞尔维亚语西里尔字母：Мехмед „Меша” Селимовић; 发音：[mɛ̌xmɛd mɛ̌ːʃa sɛlǐːmɔʋitɕ]; 1910年4月26日—1982年7月11日）南斯拉夫小说家，他的《死亡与苦行僧》被认为二战后南斯拉夫文学的杰作。。Some of the main themes in his works are the relations between individuality and authority, life and death, and other existential problems.

生平

Selimović was born to a prominent Bosnian Muslim family of Serbian descent on 26 April 1910 in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where he graduated from elementary school and high school.

In 1930, he enrolled to study the Serbo-Croatian language and literature at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology and graduated in 1934. His lecturers included Bogdan Popović, Pavle Popović, Vladimir Ćorović, Veselin Čajkanović, Aleksandar Belić and Stjepan Kuljbakin. In 1936, he returned to Tuzla to teach in the gymnasium that today bears his name. At that time he participated in the Soko athletic organisation. He spent the first two years of the Second World War in Tuzla, until he was arrested for participation in the Partisan anti-fascist resistance movement in 1943. After his release, he moved to liberated territory, became a member of Communist Party of Yugoslavia and the political commissar of the Tuzla Detachment of the Partisans. During the war, Selimović's brother, also a communist, was executed by partisans' firing squad for alleged theft, without trial; Selimović's letter in defense of the brother was to no avail. That episode apparently affected Meša's later contemplative introduction to Death and the Dervish, where the main protagonist Ahmed Nurudin fails to rescue his imprisoned brother.

After the war, he briefly resided in Belgrade, and in 1947 he moved to Sarajevo, where he was the professor of High School of Pedagogy and Faculty of Philology, art director of Bosna Film, chief of the drama section of the National Theater, and chief editor of the publishing house Svjetlost. Exasperated by a latent conflict with several local politicians and intellectuals, in 1971 he moved to Belgrade, where he lived until his death in 1982.

Identity

Selimović researched the roots of his family and found out that he originated from the Drobnjaci tribe. Most members of the tribe consider themselves to be Serbs, while some are Montenegrins. It is claimed that a part of the family converted to Islam in order to protect their Christian brethren.

In his 1976 letter to the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Selimović stated for the historical record that he regarded himself as a Serb and belonging to the corpus of Serbian literature. Selimović was a full member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a member of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

In his autobiographical narration, Sjećanja (

), which Selimović complements with a memoir features thus transforming them into memoir prose, Selimović describes environment and milieu of his Bosnian Muslim origin. He is using discursive self-perception, and confronts and auto-reflect his identity as a complex and composite. Since perception of national belonging is distinctly subjective and simplistic, auto-perceptions are considered discursive creations, representamen, where memoirs overlap with socio-historical context. In doing so, and through lens of imagology, his autobiographical discourse becomes textual construct, or an imaginary discourse. Selimović's imaginarium turns his cultural self-reflection of his Bosnian Muslim identity into oddity, but he also describes it as a complex. His memories author then transpose on entire group, with a series of images.

Through the rhetoric of the image, Selimović confirms the cultural differences of Bosnian Muslims, and in that sense, his autobiographical narrative representamen confirms and strengthens the cultural and collective ethnic identity of Muslims. Selimović clearly define himself by stating, "I am a Muslim", and, "I am attached to my Bosnian and Muslim origins".

On the other hand, when Selimović brought forward the information about his Christian origin, some Bosnian Muslim critics attacked him, claiming that "they also knew about their origin", and asking him what is to be achieved with publicly expressing such information.

Critics consider this to be a rationalization of his choice to seek recognition as writer belonging to Serbian literary circle, by claiming that his paternal heritage was that of Orthodox Christian identity, alleging a conversion to Islam back in the 17th century for pragmatic reasons. The chapter Parents in his Sjećanje provoked reaction and criticism in his native country, and will be deemed a "constructed phantasm", or imaginary discourse. Critics contemplated about the reasons for this, as they called, "falsification of one's own family heritage", explaining it as a "vengeful act of defiance", and stating that Selimović's main conflicts trace back to his Muslim roots and his expression of disappointment in Bosnian environment and Bosnian Muslim milieu.

He was a communist and atheist.

According to his grandson Nikola, Selimović considered himself to be a Serbian writer of Muslim origin. He claimed that his mother received threats from Sarajevo-based organizations because "he (his grandson) did not have a Muslim name", which was the kind of situations which led Selimović to leave Sarajevo and settle in Belgrade in the first place.

Works

Selimović began writing fairly late in his life. His first short story (Pjesma u oluji / A song in the storm) was published in 1948, when he was thirty-six. His first book, a collection of short stories Prva četa (The First Company) was published in 1950 when he was forty. His subsequent work, Tišine (Silences) was published eleven years later in 1961. The following books Tuđa zemlja (Foreign land, 1962) and Magla i mjesečina (Mist and Moonlight, 1965) did not receive widespread recognition either.

However, his novel Death and the Dervish (Derviš i smrt, 1966) was widely received as a masterpiece. The plot of the novel takes place in 18th-century Sarajevo under Ottoman rule, and reflects Selimović's own torment of the execution of his brother; the story speaks of the futility of one man's resistance against a repressive system, and the change that takes place within that man after he becomes a part of that very system. Some critics have likened this novel to Kafka's The Trial. It has been translated into many languages, including English, Russian, German, French, Italian, Turkish and Arabic. Each chapter of the novel opens with a Quran citation, the first being: "In the name of God, the most compassionate, the most merciful."

The next novel, Tvrđava (The Fortress, 1970), placed still further in the past, is slightly more optimistic, and fulfilled with faith in love, unlike the lonely contemplations and fear in Death and the Dervish. The Fortress and Death and the Dervish are the only novels of Selimović that have thus far been translated into English. Subsequent novels Ostrvo (The Island, 1974), featuring an elderly couple facing aging and eventual death on a Dalmatian island, and posthumously published Krug (The Circle, 1983), have not been translated into English.

He also wrote a book about Vuk Karadžić's orthographic reforms Za i protiv Vuka (For and Against Vuk), as well as his autobiography, Sjećanja.

Poopak NikTalab introduces him as one of the three pioneers of children's and youth literature in the Balkans between 1950 and 1980 (along with Šukria Pandžu and Iskandar Klovnić), who played an important role in the development of Bosnian children's and youth literature.

Family

His brother’s granddaughter is an award-winning Serbian actress Hana Selimović. Also, his cousin Amar Selimović is a famous Bosnian actor. Meša Selimović is the uncle of Bosnian politician Mirsad Đonlagić.

Bibliography

Plaque at his former home in Belgrade

• Uvrijeđeni čovjek (An Insulted Man) (1947)
• Prva četa (The First Company) (1950)
• Tuđa zemlja (Foreign Lands) (1957)
• Sjećanja (Memories) (1957)
• Noći i jutra (Nights and Days) (film scenario) (1958)
• Tišine (Silence) (1961)
• Magla i mjesečina (Mist and Moonlight) (1965)
• Eseji i ogledi (Essays and Reflections) (1966)
• Derviš i smrt (Death and the Dervish) (1966)
• Za i protiv Vuka (Pro et Contra Vuk) (1967)
• Tvrđava (The Fortress) (1970)
• Ostrvo (The Island) (1974)
• Krug (The Circle) (1983)

Translations into English

• Death and the Dervish, 1996, Northwestern University Press, ISBN 0-8101-1297-3
• The Fortress, 1999, Northwestern University Press, ISBN 0-8101-1713-4

References

Citations

Sources

• Mala enciklopedija Prosveta: opšta enciklopedija. Prosveta. 1986 [8 March 2022]. ISBN 978-86-07-00001-2 （塞尔维亚语）. 
• Bajraktarević, Aida. Slika Bošnjaka u autobiografskom diskursu „Sjećanja“ Meše Selimovića. Buras-Marciniak, Anetta; Łódzkiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu (编). Islam i muzułmanie w kulturze, literaturze i językach Słowian Południowych. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. 2016 [8 March 2022]. ISBN 978-83-8088-249-2 （波兰语及波斯尼亚语）. 
• Meier, Viktor. Yugoslavia: A History of its Demise. Routledge. 20 June 2005 [24 December 2021]. ISBN 978-1-134-66510-5 （英语）. 
• Selimović, Meša. Derviš i smrt. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva. 2000 [8 March 2022]. ISBN 978-86-17-05030-4 （塞尔维亚语）. 
• Jelušić, Božena. Hard Waking Up. Bassler, Terrice (编). Learning to Change: The Experience of Transforming Education in South East Europe. Central European University Press. 2005: 69–84 [8 March 2022]. ISBN 978-615-5211-96-6 （英语）. 
• Selimović, Meša. Sjećanja. Sloboda ; Otokar kersovani. 1976 [8 March 2022] （塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语）. 
• Skakić, Mirko. Rano djelo Meše Selimovića. Novi glas. 1992 [8 March 2022]. ISBN 978-86-7119-026-8 （英语）. 
• Deretić, Jovan. Posleratna književnost. Kratka istorija srpske književnosti. Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod. 1987 [8 March 2022]. ISBN 978-86-13-00060-0 （塞尔维亚语）. 

External links

• Death and the Dervish by Mesa Selimovic (fragments), translated by Lazar Pascanovic
• Mesa Selimovic in South Slavic Literature Library
• For and Against Vuk, study by Meša Selimović, 1967; courtesy of Project Rastko – Banja Luka （塞爾維亞語）
• Meša Selimović's 'Oriental Novels'
• Meša Selimović's parts of biography
• Meša Selimović – Facebook page

前任： Blaže Koneski

President of the Association of Writers of Yugoslavia 1964-1965

繼任： Matej Bor

《杜工部行次昭陵诗卷》是元朝书法家鲜于枢的经典作品之一。此卷内容的是唐朝诗人杜甫的《行次昭陵诗》，目前收藏于北京故宫博物院。此帖结体疏朗，笔势雄浑，与鲜于枢个人性情正相吻合。如柳贯所评：“公毅然美大夫，面带河朔伟气，每酒酣骜放，挥毫结字，奇态横生，势有不可遏者。”

鲜于枢学习晋唐的书法，提倡“复古”，是元代“复古”思想观念的代表人物，崇尚晋唐。鲜于枢“复古”，实际上就是在继承传统，书法根植传统，汲取古人书法优秀成分融合于自己的书法中，从而达到创新的目的。卷钤“鲜于”、“白几印章”、“箕子之裔”、“虎林隐吏”、“中山后人”印五方。卷末有王祎、宋濂二跋。鉴藏印记有清乾隆、嘉庆、宣统诸玺及梁清标、宋濂、王祎等印多方。

明顾复《平生壮观》卷四

伊本·哈兹姆（阿拉伯语：أَبُو مُحَمَّد عَلِيّ بْن أَحْمَد بْن سَعِيد بْن حَزْم ٱلْأَنْدَلُسِيّ‎)，（{{bd|994年|11月|1064年|8月15日）是安达卢西亚穆斯林博物学者、历史学家、哲学家和神学家。伊本·哈兹姆生于今西班牙的科尔多瓦伊本·哈兹姆是伊斯兰教法学扎希丽派的确立者和倡导者之一，被视作最严谨的圣训解释者之一。。他写过400部论著，现存仅40部 其著作总篇幅高达8万页。伊本·哈兹姆也被描述为比较神学之父，被认为是伊斯兰世界的一位重要思想家

季尔·布雷乔夫（1934－2003），本名伊戈尔·弗谢沃洛多维奇·莫热伊科。俄罗斯著名的科幻小说作家、电影剧作家、历史学家。

生平

布雷乔夫自幼喜欢读书。他记得自己看的第一本书是加拿大作家欧内斯特·西顿的动物小说《多米诺》（讲述一只褐狐的故事）。他喜欢读儒勒·凡尔纳、大仲马、赫·威尔斯、谢·别利亚耶夫、格·阿达莫夫、亚·卡赞采夫、斯特鲁加茨基兄弟的书。而斯特鲁加茨基兄弟的小说给他的印象最深，对他后来写科幻小说影响最大。

布雷乔夫曾在美术学校学过一段时间，后因病辍学，但一生从未放弃过画画的爱好，甚至于在他生命中的最后一个夏天，还在坚持作画。他的夫人和他兴趣相投，是莫斯科的著名画家，曾为他的许多作品画过插图。布雷乔夫中学毕业后进如莫斯科多列士外国语师范学院翻译系，学习英语翻译。1957年大学毕业后，布雷乔夫被派往缅甸建筑工地做了两年翻译。其间常到东南亚、西亚和东亚一些国家出差，并随时将自己的所见所闻写成历史、地理方面的随笔，发表在《环球》和《今日亚洲与非洲》杂志上。

回国后就进入俄罗斯科学院东方学研究所工作，成了专门从事缅甸史研究的东方学学者。他撰写了大量东南亚历史和文化专著及科普书籍，发表了数百篇科学和科普文章。1982年获历史学博士学位。布雷乔夫曾任资深研究员、俄罗斯联邦作家协会科幻作家联合会主席、俄罗斯国家奖励委员会成员、地理协会会员、电影工作者协会会员，先后当过《小技术员》、《化学与生活》和《如果》杂志编辑，以及高尔基电影制片厂的编辑。1982年获苏联国家奖，1997年、2002年获俄罗斯阿埃莉塔科幻奖。2004年被追授第六届国际科幻文学奖（斯特鲁加茨基兄弟奖）。         

科幻小说创作

  1965年布雷乔夫着手创作科幻小说。他的处女作是短篇科幻小说《好客的职责》，用缅甸人的名字署名，作为译文发表。同年，为自己的小女儿写了好几篇关于阿利萨女孩儿——21世纪居民的童话科幻故事（总名为《出不了事的女孩》），投到儿童文学出版社，被刊登在该社出版的《冒险世界》杂志上，深受广大少年儿童的喜爱。   布雷乔夫真正钟情于科幻小说创作，一发而不可收地写下去，是由于后来一件偶然的事情：他经常为《环球》杂志投稿，所以和编辑部的人挺熟。1966年底的一天，他来到该杂志编辑部，得知副刊《探索者》在付印前被上级机关撤下一篇外国科幻小说，可是封面上的画是专为这篇小说画的（一条蹲在大瓶子里的小恐龙），而且30万张彩封已经印好了。如果废弃不用，将给编辑部带来较大的经济损失。编辑们心急如火，马上约他和另外几个人根据这幅画连夜赶写一篇科幻小说。清晨，他把《恐龙是什么时候灭绝的》稿子送到编辑部，即刻被选中了。他担心以真名发表会给自己惹麻烦，因为他所在单位的领导认为写科幻小说是不务正业，于是他就用妻子的名字“基尔”和母亲的娘家姓“布雷乔夫”做了自己的笔名——基尔·布雷乔夫。此后，他发表童话和科幻作品皆用这个笔名。直到1982年他荣获苏联国家奖的时候，单位的同事们才知道作家基尔·布雷乔夫原来是他们的同事伊戈尔·莫热伊科。           这篇“急就章”的面世，对布雷乔夫鼓励颇大。他的胆子大了，接二连三地写了一系列关于21世纪的女孩儿阿利萨遨游太空的童话科幻故事：《从地球来的女孩儿》（1974）、《一百年前》（1978）、《一百万个历险故事》（1982）、《未来世界的女孩儿》（1984）、《坐不住的人》（1985）、《小行星的俘虏》（1988）、《阿利萨的新历险故事》（1990）等。布雷乔夫从民间口头创作和儿童文学名著中借鉴了许多东西，在他的作品里可以找到雪姑娘、睡美人、大灰狼、小红帽、拇指姑娘、美人鱼、三个火枪手等儿童们熟知的形象。他将世界上各个时期和各个民族的独特的文化与文学相互渗透，融为一体，而且能使读者不感到有矫揉造作、胡乱拼凑之嫌，故而广大少年儿童易于理解接受，并乐于阅读。

 上个世纪80—90年代，阿利萨系列在前苏联风靡一时，使作者名声大振，很快便成为国内的多产科幻作家、畅销书作家。自1976年起，布雷乔夫开始从事电影剧本创作，《落泪》、《未来世界的客人》、《淡紫色的球》、《地下的女巫》）等30多部作品陆续被搬上银幕。1982年，故事片《第三行星的秘密》和大型动画片《历经艰难奔星系》获得国家奖。

         在他的作品中，人物的多面性和情节的多样化令人称奇，普及科学知识和扣人心弦的惊险情节有机结合，而不一味追求难以置信的、离奇的假说得到证实。我国著名翻译家王志冲先生在一篇悼念他的文章里所言极是：“基尔·布雷乔夫的作品，不以预测未来高科技的成就为目的，其成功与否，也并非取决于其预测和未来的真正高科技成果是否完全或大致吻合。它们属于‘软科幻’，即在幻想的未来高科技世界衬托下，讲述离奇的故事，塑造鲜活的人物，融科学、幻想、历史、地理乃至童话、神话为一炉，以活跃思维、激发想象、愉悦身心、滋补灵魂为己任，显示出强烈的人文精神，鲜明的创作风格和雅俗共赏的艺术品位。”