跳至內容

翼狀豬籠草

本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換
維基百科，自由的百科全書
翼狀豬籠草
翼狀豬籠草的上位籠，攝於菲律賓呂宋島北部巴納韋及薩加達附近
保護狀況
link= class=skin-invert-image
無危（IUCN 3.1）[1]
科學分類 編輯
界： 植物界 Plantae
演化支： 維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支： 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支： 真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目： 石竹目 Caryophyllales
科： 豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬： 豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：
翼狀豬籠草 N. alata
二名法
Nepenthes alata
Blanco, 1837[2]
異名

翼狀豬籠草[17]（學名：Nepenthes alata），又名紅豬籠草，是菲律賓特有的熱帶食蟲植物。[7][18]其種加詞「alata」來源於拉丁文「alatus」，意為「翼狀的」。翼狀豬籠草形態多樣性極高，其下類群分類地位不斷更新。

在園藝上，翼狀豬籠草是最容易栽培且栽培得最廣泛的物種之一[19]，在台灣曾廣泛栽培。但因其與葫蘆豬籠草（N. ventricosa）的雜交種——紅瓶豬籠草（N. × ventrata）更易種植且外觀更優越。園藝上，翼狀豬籠草逐漸被紅瓶豬籠草代替，已少有人栽培。[17]

形態特徵

[編輯]
翼狀豬籠草的花序

翼狀豬籠草個體的顏色和形態差異巨大。雄花花程式為✶ K4 A4+4+1* G0（雄花頂端/*/可能不存在），雌花為✶ K4 A0 G(4)。[20]

分類關係

[編輯]

翼狀豬籠草長期以來被視為是一種形態多樣性極高且分布範圍涵蓋整個菲律賓群島的物種（巴拉望島除外）。[21]在這個寬廣的界定下其分布海拔0至1900米[18]，範圍包括保和島、卡米金島、宿霧島、庫利昂島、萊特島、呂宋島、民答那峨島、民都洛島、內格羅斯島、班乃島、薩馬島[22][23]及錫布延島。

2013年，馬修·傑布與馬丁·奇克重新分類了僅分布於呂宋島北部及中部的物種，這些物種的捕蟲籠均具有顯著的毛被（這些類群在園藝上被稱之為「多毛翼狀豬籠草」）。[7]根據這種分類，分布於更南部的類群則被指向一個被恢復的物種——小花豬籠草（N. graciliflora，園藝上的「典型翼狀豬籠草」，其分布於保和島、萊特島、呂宋島、民答那峨島、民都洛島、班乃島、薩馬島及錫布延島）及新描述的內格羅斯島豬籠草（N. negros，比利蘭島及內格羅斯島）與拉莫斯豬籠草（N. negros，民答那峨島）。[7][24]分布於迪納加特島與薩馬島的綠豬籠草（N. viridis）也為其近親[25]，此外還有塞西爾豬籠草（N. ceciliae，民答那峨島）、科普蘭豬籠草（N. copelandii，迪納加特島與民答那峨島）、絕滅豬籠草（N. extincta，民答那峨島）、漢密吉伊坦山豬籠草（N. hamiguitanensi，民答那峨島）、奇坦蘭山豬籠草（N. kitanglad，民答那峨島）、倉田豬籠草（N. kurata，民答那峨島）、萊特島豬籠草（N. leyte，萊特島）、薩蘭加尼豬籠草（N. saranganiensis，民答那峨島）及超基豬籠草（N. ultra，呂宋島）。[7][18][24][26][27][28]這些物種屬於「翼狀豬籠草組」分類群，之間存在著許多共同特徵，比如葉柄具翼，捕蟲籠籠蓋下表面基部存在附屬物，及上位籠基部通常較寬。[7][26]

翼狀豬籠草與許多其他的豬籠草物種間存在著密切的近緣關係，包括科普蘭豬籠草、民答那峨島豬籠草 和薩蘭加尼豬籠草。產自蘇門答臘的真穗豬籠草（N. eustachya）曾一度因模式標本的誤釋而被認為是翼狀豬籠草的一個變種；實際上這兩個物種間並沒有密切的近緣關係。

翼狀豬籠草與真穗豬籠草之間形態特徵的區別（Jebb & Cheek, 1997）
形態特徵 翼狀豬籠草 真穗豬籠草
葉片 披針形－卵形 披針形
葉尖 急尖或漸尖 圓形至近盾形
葉柄 呈槽狀 略呈或根本不呈槽狀
籠蔓尾 不分叉，尖銳 不分叉或分叉
毛被 紅色或白色 通體無毛
捕蟲籠基部形狀 結構與捕蟲籠的其餘部分類似，漸尖至籠蔓 角狀，木質，漸尖至籠蔓

種下類群

[編輯]
翼狀豬籠草的下位籠

自然雜交種

[編輯]

參考文獻

[編輯]
  1. ^ Clarke, C.M. Nepenthes alata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T49120197A143972386 [17 April 2020]. 
  2. ^ （西班牙文） Blanco, F.M. 1837. Nepenthes. In: Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. Sto. Thomas por D. Candido Lopez, Manila. pp. 805–809.
  3. ^ （拉丁文） Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
  4. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Identification and typification of Nepenthes blancoi, with N. abalata sp. nov. from the western Visayas, Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(2): 151–156. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00012.x
  5. ^ （法文） Brongniart, A. 1824. Observations sur les genres Cytinus et Nepenthes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 1: 29–52.
  6. ^ Danser, B.H. 1928. 1. Nepenthes alata Blanco （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. [pp. 258–26]. In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany 31(5): 616–622. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
  8. ^ Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2013-10-07. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  9. ^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes alata （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  10. ^ Smythies, B.E. 1965. The distribution and ecology of pitcher-plants (Nepenthes) in Sarawak. UNESCO Humid Tropics Symposium, June–July 1963, Kuching, Sarawak.
  11. ^ Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(2): 227–232.
  12. ^ （印尼文） Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.) Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers. Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp. 75–109.
  13. ^ Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. A real nice trip to Southeast Asia.PDF (1.72 MiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 19–28.
  14. ^ Shivas, R.G. 1984. Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.
  15. ^ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea 42(1): 1–106.
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana 15: 1–157.
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 48. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  19. ^ Catalano, M. 2009. Nepenthes. In: Growing Carnivores — an Italian perspective. Prague. pp. 50–57.
  20. ^ Ronse De Craene, Louis P. Floral Diagrams: An Aid to Understanding Flower Morphology and Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010-02-04: 165 [2020-10-08]. ISBN 978-0-521-49346-8. （原始內容存檔於2021-04-28）. 
  21. ^ 21.0 21.1 McPherson, S.R. & V.B. Amoroso 2011. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of the Philippines. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  22. ^ Suarez, W. 2011. Samar's Nepenthes alata[失效連結]. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, January 12, 2011.
  23. ^ 23.0 23.1 Robinson, A. 2012. Nepenthes merrilliana on Samar （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics, June 29, 2012.
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ramos (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Mindanao, Philippines. Willdenowia 43(1): 107–111. doi:10.3372/wi.43.43112
  25. ^ （德文） Micheler, M., T. Gronemeyer, A. Wistuba, D. Marwinski, W. Suarez & V. Amoroso 2013. Nepenthes viridis, eine neue Nepenthes-Art von der Insel Dinagat, Philippinen. Das Taublatt 76: 4–21.
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 69: 1–23. doi:10.5852/ejt.2013.69
  27. ^ Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Nepenthes ultra (Nepenthaceae), a new species from Luzon, Philippines. Blumea, published online on October 24, 2013. doi:10.3767/000651913X675124
  28. ^ Mey, F.S. 2013. The Nepenthes alata group: resurrection of N. graciliflora ; N. ramos and N. negros described as new species. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, August 27, 2013.
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 Mann, P. 1998. A trip to the Philippines （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 27(1): 6–11.
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 Kurata, S. & M. Toyoshima 1972. Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 26(1): 155–158. Abstract 網際網路檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2011-07-22.
  32. ^ Fleming, R. 1979. Hybrid Nepenthes.PDF (626 KiB) Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 8(1): 10–12.
  • Alejandro, G.J.D., J.P.C. Baysa, B.O.C. Lemana, G.M. Madulara, R.S. Madulid & D.A. Madulid 2007. Conspecificity of Nepenthes alata Blco. population found in Mt. Guisguis, Zambales inferred from Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) sequence data. Acta Manilana 55: 15–21. doi:10.3860/acta.v55i0.1482
  • Alejandro, G.J.D., R.S. Madulid & D.A. Madulid 2008. The utility of Internal Transcribed Spacer (nrDNA) sequence data for phylogenetic reconstruction in endemic Philippine Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae). The Philippine Scientist 45: 99–110. doi:10.3860/psci.v45i0.994
  • Amoroso, V.B. & R.A. Aspiras 2011. Hamiguitan Range: a sanctuary for native flora. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 18(1): 7–15. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.07.003
  • Amoroso, V.B., L.D. Obsioma, J.B. Arlalejo, R.A. Aspiras, D.P. Capili, J.J.A. Polizon & E.B. Sumile 2009. Inventory and conservation of endangered, endemic and economically important flora of Hamiguitan Range, southern Philippines. Blumea 54(1–3): 71–76. doi:10.3767/000651909X474113
  • An, C.-I., E.-I. Fukusaki & A. Kobayashi 2001. Plasma-membrane H+-ATPases are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata Blanco. Planta 212(4): 547–555. doi:10.1007/s004250000455
  • An, C.-I., E.-I. Fukusaki & A. Kobayashi 2002. Aspartic proteinases are expressed in pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata Blanco. Planta 214(5): 661–667. doi:10.1007/s004250100665
  • An, C.-I., S. Takekawa, A. Okazawa, E.-I. Fukusaki & A. Kobayashi 2002. Degradation of a peptide in pitcher fluid of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata Blanco. Planta 215(3): 472–477. doi:10.1007/s00425-002-0768-7
  • Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
  • Bauer, U. & W. Federle 2009. The insect-trapping rim of Nepenthes pitchers: surface structure and function. Plant Signaling & Behavior 4(11): 1019–1023. doi:10.4161/psb.4.11.9664
  • Benz, M.J., E.V. Gorb & S.N. Gorb 2012. Diversity of the slippery zone microstructure in pitchers of nine carnivorous Nepenthes taxa. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 6(1): 147–158. doi:10.1007/s11829-011-9171-2
  • （西班牙文） Blanco, F.M. 1845. Nepenthes. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） In: Flora de Filipinas, segun el sistema sexual de Linneo. Segunda impresion, corregida y aumentada por el mismo autor. D. Miguel Sanchez, Manila. pp. 555–557.
  • Buch, F., M. Rott, S. Rottloff, C. Paetz, I. Hilke, M. Raessler & A. Mithöfer 2012. Secreted pitfall-trap fluid of carnivorous Nepenthes plants is unsuitable for microbial growth. Annals of Botany, published online on December 21, 2012. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs287
  • Cantley, R. 2000. Nepenthes of the Philippines （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
  • Cheers, G. 1992. Nepenthes alata. In: Letts Guide to Carnivorous Plants of the World. Letts of London House, London. p. 92.
  • Clarke, C. & C.C. Lee 2012. A revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Tahan, Peninsular Malaysia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64(1): 33–49.
  • Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
  • Co, L. & W. Suarez 2012. Nepenthaceae （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines.
  • （德文） Eilingsfeld, A. 2008. Endoskop-Aufnahmen aus der Verdauungsflüssigkeit einer Nepenthes alata. Das Taublatt 60(1): 4–7.
  • Fontanilla, J.R. & R. Madulid 2002. Morphometric analysis of Nepenthes alata Blco. in Mt. Guisguis, Sta. Cruz, Zambales. Acta Manilana 50: 25–31.
  • Gaume, L., S. Gorb & N. Rowe 2002. Function of epidermal surfaces in the trapping efficiency of Nepenthes alata pitchers. New Phytologist 156(3): 479–489. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00530.x
  • Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 54(4): 887–895. doi:10.2307/4111166
  • Gorb, E.V., K. Haas, A. Henrich, S. Enders, N. Barbakadze & S. Gorb 2005. Composite structure of the crystalline epicuticular wax layer of the slippery zone in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata and its effect on insect attachment. Journal of Experimental Biology 208: 4651–4662. doi:10.1242/jeb.01939
  • Gorb, E.V. & S.N. Gorb 2006. Physicochemical properties of functional surfaces in pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata Blanco (Nepenthaceae). Plant Biology (Stuttgart, Germany) 8(6): 841–848. PMID 17203436
  • Gorb, E.V. & S.N. Gorb 2009. Chapter 8: Functional Surfaces in the Pitcher of the Carnivorous Plant Nepenthes alata: A Cryo-Sem Approach （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. In: S.N. Gorb (ed.) Functional Surfaces in Biology: Adhesion Related Phenomena. Volume 2. Springer. pp. 205–238.
  • （德文） Gronemeyer, T. 2008. Nepenthes auf den Philippinen – Ein Reisebericht. Das Taublatt 60(1): 15–27.
  • （德文） Gronemeyer, T. & V. Heinrich 2008. Wiederentdeckung von Nepenthes surigaoensis am Naturstandort auf den Philippinen. Das Taublatt 60(1): 28–33.
  • Hatano, N. & T. Hamada 2008. Proteome analysis of pitcher fluid of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata. Journal of Proteome Research 7(2): 809–816. doi:10.1021/pr700566d
  • Hatano, N. & T. Hamada 2012. Proteomic analysis of secreted protein induced by a component of prey in pitcher fluid of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata. Journal of Proteomics 75(15): 4844–4852. doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.048
  • Ishisaki, K., Y. Honda, H. Taniguchi, N. Hatano & T. Hamada 2012. Heterogonous expression and characterization of a plant class IV chitinase from the pitcher of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata. Glycobiology 22(3): 345–351. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwr142
  • Ishisaki, K., S. Arai, T. Hamada & Y. Honda 2012. Biochemical characterization of a recombinant plant class III chitinase from the pitcher of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata. Carbohydrate Research 361: 170–174. doi:10.1016/j.carres.2012.09.001
  • Kajii, E., T. Kamesaki, S. Ikemoto & Y. Miura 1988. Decomposing enzymes against human blood-group antigens in the extract of Nepenthes alata. Die Naturwissenschaften 75(5): 258–259. PMID 3405311
  • Kajii, E., T. Kamesaki & S. Ikemoto 1991. The effect of the Nepenthes alata extract on the cold agglutinin-associated antigens. Nihon Hōigaku Zasshi 45(1): 30–32. PMID 2046171
  • Kamesaki, T., E. Kajii & S. Ikemoto 1989. Purification of the decomposing enzyme from Nepenthes alata against glycophorin B of human red blood cells by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography 489(2): 384–389. PMID 2666423
  • Kato, M., M. Hotta, R. Tamin & T. Itino 1993. Inter- and intra-specific variation in prey assemblages and inhabitant communities in Nepenthes pitchers in Sumatra. Tropical Zoology 6(1): 11–25. Abstract
  • Kiew, R.G. 1990. Pitcher plants of Gunung TahaN. Journal of Wildlife and National Parks (Malaysia) 10: 34–37.
  • Lecoufle, M. 1990. Nepenthes alata. In: Carnivorous Plants: Care and Cultivation. Blandford, London. pp. 118–121.
  • Macfarlane, J.M. 1927. The Philippine species of Nepenthes. The Philippine Journal of Science 33(2): 127–140.
  • （印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
  • （德文） McPherson, S. & T. Gronemeyer 2008. Die Nepenthesarten der Philippinen Eine Fotodokumentation. Das Taublatt 60(1): 34–78.
  • Meimberg, H., P. Dittrich, G. Bringmann, J. Schlauer & G. Heubl 2000. Molecular phylogeny of Caryophyllidae s.l. based on matK sequences with special emphasis on carnivorous taxa. Plant Biology 2(2): 218–228. doi:10.1055/s-2000-9460
  • Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
  • （德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
  • Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
  • Merrill, E.D. 1905. Nepenthaceæ. （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館） In: A review of the identifications of the species described in Blanco's Flora de Filipinas. Bureau of Public Printing, Manila. p. 72.
  • Merrill, E.D. 1918. Nepenthaceae （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. In: Species Blancoanae: a critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and by Llanos. Bureau of Printing, Manila. p. 160.
  • Mey, F.S. 2013. Neotypification of Nepenthes blancoi and description of N. abalata a new species from the Philippines （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, February 11, 2013.
  • Mey, F.S. 2013. Nepenthes alzapan and an army of new species from the Philippines （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle, July 15, 2013.
  • Mithöfer, A. 2011. Carnivorous pitcher plants: insights in an old topic. Phytochemistry 72(13): 1678–1682. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.024
  • Owen, T.P. & K.A. Lennon 1999. Structure and development of the pitchers from the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata (Nepenthaceae).PDF American Journal of Botany 86(10): 1382–1390.
  • Owen, T.P., K.A. Lennon, M.J. Santo & A.N. Anderson 1999. Pathways for nutrient transport in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes alata.PDF Annals of Botany 84: 459–466. doi:10.1006/anbo.1998.0944
  • Pavlovič, A., E. Masarovičová & J. Hudák 2007. Carnivorous syndrome in Asian pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. Annals of Botany 100(3): 527–536. doi:10.1093/aob/mcm145
  • Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2011. A sticky situation: assessing adaptations for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales by means of stochastic character mapping. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 889–901. doi:10.1086/660882
  • Riedel, M., A. Eichner & R. Jetter 2003. Slippery surfaces of carnivorous plants: composition of epicuticular wax crystals in Nepenthes alata Blanco pitchers. Planta 218(1): 87–97. doi:10.1007/s00425-003-1075-7
  • Rottloff, S., R. Stieber, H. Maischak, F.G. Turini, G. Heubl & A. Mithöfer 2011. Functional characterization of a class III acid endochitinase from the traps of the carnivorous pitcher plant genus, Nepenthes. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(13): 4639–4647. doi:10.1093/jxb/err173
  • Santo, M.J., J.S. Massa, & T.P. Owen 1998. Glandular secretion and absorption in the carnivorous pitcher plant Nepenthes alata. American Journal of Botany 85(supplement): 92.
  • Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature Reviews.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53.
  • Scholz, I., M. Bückins, L. Dolge, T. Erlinghagen, A. Weth, F. Hischen, J. Mayer, S. Hoffmann, M. Riederer, M. Riedel & W. Baumgartner 2010. Slippery surfaces of pitcher plants: Nepenthes wax crystals minimize insect attachment via microscopic surface roughness. Journal of Experimental Biology 213: 1115–1125. doi:10.1242/jeb.035618
  • Slack, A. 1979. Nepenthes alata. In: Carnivorous Plants. Ebury Press, London. pp. 85–86.
  • Sota, T., M. Mogi & K. Kato 1998. Local and regional-scale food web structure in Nepenthes alata pitchers. Biotropica 30(1): 82–91. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00371.x
  • （印尼文） Syamsuardi & R. Tamin 1994. Kajian kekerabatan jenis-jenis Nepenthes di Sumatera Barat. Project report, Andalas University, Padang. Abstract
  • （印尼文） Syamsuardi 1995. Klasifikasi numerik kantong semar (Nepenthes) di Sumatera Barat. [Numerical classification of pitcher plants (Nepenthes) in West Sumatra.] Journal Matematika dan Pengetahuan Alam 4(1): 48–57. Abstract
  • Thornhill, A.H., I.S. Harper & N.D. Hallam 2008. The development of the digestive glands and enzymes in the pitchers of three Nepenthes species: N. alata, N. tobaica, and N. ventricosa (Nepenthaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 169(5): 615–624. doi:10.1086/533599
  • Uy, B.D. 1990. The granchina Nepenthes of the Phillipines in retrospect.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 18–19.
  • Wang, L.-X. & Q. Zhou 2010. Numerical characterization of surface structures of slippery zone in Nepenthes alata pitchers and its mechanism of reducing locust's attachment （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. Advances in Natural Science 3(2): 152–160.
  • （中文） Wu, X., J. Li, Q. Zhong & X. Wu 2005. 豬籠草組培快繁技術 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）. [Tissue culture and fast propagation in Nepenthes alata.] Nonwood Forest Research 23(4): 48–50.

擴展閱讀

[編輯]

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：翼狀豬籠草 維基物種上的相關資訊：翼狀豬籠草

取自「https://wikicn.playgoteam.workers.dev/w/index.php?title=翼狀豬籠草&oldid=74958670」