阪崎肠杆菌

阪崎肠杆菌
科学分类
域：	细菌域 Bacteria
门：	假单胞菌门 Pseudomonadota
纲：	γ-变形菌纲 Gammaproteobacteria
目：	肠杆菌目 Enterobacterales
科：	肠杆菌科 Enterobacteriaceae
属：	克罗诺杆菌属 Cronobacter
种：	阪崎肠杆菌 C. sakazakii
二名法
	Cronobacter sakazakii; (Farmer et al. 1980)

阪崎肠杆菌（学名：Cronobacter sakazakii）属于肠杆菌科克洛诺菌属，旧属肠杆菌属，2007年获《国际系统及演化微生物学期刊》（International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology）的确认，现时已连同其他新发现的细菌独立成为一个新的属克洛诺菌属（Cronobacter）^[2]^[3]，以日本细菌学家坂崎利一（坂崎利一）的姓氏命名。牠是一种革兰氏阴性菌、兼性厌氧生物及呈棒状的细菌。

致病

克洛诺菌属之下的大多数物种都是成人的病原，会使宿主免疫受损的机会性感染细菌。虽然偶尔会令幼童感染，但其感染后的死亡率很高（达40–80%）^[4]^[5]^[6]。

在婴儿可引起菌血症、脑膜炎和坏死性小肠结肠炎。有些新生儿受阪崎肠杆菌感染的原因发现与使用受污染的婴幼儿配方奶粉相关^[4]^[6]，有些菌种甚至还可以在干燥的状态下生存两年以上^[7]。不过，阪崎肠杆菌可被高温杀灭，所以世卫建议冲泡配方奶粉时应用摄氏70度的热水来调开，然后再加入冷开水降温^[8]。

然而并非所有个案都与受污染的婴儿配方奶粉相关。2011年11月，高洁丝（Kotex）卫生棉条的多个批次产品由于受阪崎肠杆菌污染而要收回^[9]。

参考文献

^ Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ, the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group (USA). Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens. IJSEM. 1980, 30 (3): 569–84. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-3-569.
^ Iversen C, Mullane N, Barbara McCardell; et al. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. IJSEM. 2008-06, 58: 1442–1447. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0.
^ Susan Joseph, Esin Cetinkaya, Hana Drahovska, Arturo Levican, Maria J. Figueras, Stephen J. Forsythe. Cronobactercondimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacteruniversalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2012, 62 (6): 1277–1283 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.032292-0. （原始内容存档于2018-05-22）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula--Tennessee, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002, 51 (14): 297–300. PMID 12002167. Free full text （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Lai KK. Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001, 80 (2): 113–22. PMID 11307587. doi:10.1097/00005792-200103000-00004.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Bowen AB, Braden CR. Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants. Emerging Infect Dis. 2006, 12 (8): 1185–9. PMC 3291213 . PMID 16965695. doi:10.3201/eid1208.051509.
^ Caubilla-Barron J & Forsythe S. Dry stress and survival time of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated infant formula. Journal Food Protection. 2007, 13: 467–472.
^ ?. 香港卫生署. [2016-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-17）（中文（繁体））.
^ FDA Recall of Kotex Tampons. Seeger Weiss LLP. [2012-02-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-05）（英语）.

[Farmer-1] Farmer JJ III, Asbury MA, Hickman FW, Brenner DJ, the Enterobacteriaceae Study Group (USA). Enterobacter sakazakii: a new species of "Enterobacteriaceae" isolated from clinical specimens. IJSEM. 1980, 30 (3): 569–84. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-3-569.

[Iversen_C,_Mullane_N,_Barbara_McCardell,_et_al._2008-2] Iversen C, Mullane N, Barbara McCardell; et al. Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov. IJSEM. 2008-06, 58: 1442–1447. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0.

[Joseph_et_al.-3] Susan Joseph, Esin Cetinkaya, Hana Drahovska, Arturo Levican, Maria J. Figueras, Stephen J. Forsythe. Cronobactercondimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat, and Cronobacteruniversalis sp. nov., a species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water and food ingredients. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 2012, 62 (6): 1277–1283 [2018-04-02]. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.032292-0. （原始内容存档于2018-05-22）.

[MMWR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Enterobacter sakazakii infections associated with the use of powdered infant formula--Tennessee, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002, 51 (14): 297–300. PMID 12002167. Free full text （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[5] Lai KK. Enterobacter sakazakii infections among neonates, infants, children, and adults. Case reports and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001, 80 (2): 113–22. PMID 11307587. doi:10.1097/00005792-200103000-00004.

[Bowen-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Bowen AB, Braden CR. Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants. Emerging Infect Dis. 2006, 12 (8): 1185–9. PMC 3291213 . PMID 16965695. doi:10.3201/eid1208.051509.

[Caubilla-Barron-7] Caubilla-Barron J & Forsythe S. Dry stress and survival time of Enterobacter sakazakii and other Enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated infant formula. Journal Food Protection. 2007, 13: 467–472.

[8] ?. 香港卫生署. [2016-02-05]. （原始内容存档于2016-02-17）（中文（繁体））.

[seegerweiss-9] FDA Recall of Kotex Tampons. Seeger Weiss LLP. [2012-02-29]. （原始内容存档于2014-09-05）（英语）.

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