布里斯托大便分類法

布里斯托大便分類法（Bristol Stool Scale）是一種為了醫學需求而設計的分類法，它將人類的大便分為七類。^[1]^[2]^[3]設計者為布里斯托大學（University of Bristol）的希頓（Heaton）和路易斯（Lewis），首篇於1997年發表在《北歐腸胃病學雜誌》（Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology）上。因為大便的形狀和其待在大腸內的時間有關，所以可以用它來判斷食物經過大腸所需的時間。

分類法：^[4]

第一型：一顆顆硬球（很難通過）
第二型：香腸狀，但表面凹凸
第三型：香腸狀，但表面有裂痕
第四型：像香腸或蛇一樣，且表面很光滑
第五型：斷邊光滑的柔軟塊狀（容易通過）
第六型：粗邊蓬鬆塊，糊狀大便
第七型：水狀，無固體塊（完全液體）

第一型和第二型表示有便秘；第三型和第四型是理想的便形，尤其第四型是最容易排便的形狀；第五至第七型則有腹瀉的可能。^[5]

參考資料

^ Koh, Hong; Lee, Mi Jung; Kim, Myung Joon; Shin, Jae Il; Chung, Ki Sup. Simple diagnostic approach to childhood fecal retention using the Leech score and Bristol stool form scale in medical practice. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2010, 25 (2): 334–338 [2022-01-17]. ISSN 1440-1746. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06015.x. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-18）（英語）.
^ Corsetti, Maura; De Nardi, Paola; Di Pietro, Salvatore; Passaretti, Sandro; Testoni, Pier Alberto; Staudacher, Carlo. Rectal Distensibility and Symptoms After Stapled and Milligan–Morgan Operation for Hemorrhoids. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2009-12-01, 13 (12): 2245–2251. ISSN 1873-4626. doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0983-7 （英語）.
^ Wang, Hui-Ji; Liang, Xiao-Mei; Yu, Zhong-Lin; Zhou, Li-Ya; Lin, San-Ren; Geraint, Mike. A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2004-10-01, 24 (10): 569–576. ISSN 1179-1918. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002 （英語）.
^ Mínguez Pérez, M.; Benages Martínez, A. The Bristol scale: a useful system to assess stool form?. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas. 2009-05, 101 (5): 305–311. ISSN 1130-0108. doi:10.4321/s1130-01082009000500001. ^{[失效連結]}
^ Lacy, Brian E.; Patel, Nihal K. Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2017-10-26, 6 (11): 99 [2022-01-17]. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 5704116 . PMID 29072609. doi:10.3390/jcm6110099. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-04）.

（英文）Constipation Management and Nurse Prescribing: The importance of developing a concordant approach PDF （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
（英文）Faecal incontinence and constipation PDF

外部連結

（英文）The Bristol Stool Scale from Medscape.com
（英文）Information from Solvay Pharmaceuticals
（英文）Childhood Constipation

[1] Koh, Hong; Lee, Mi Jung; Kim, Myung Joon; Shin, Jae Il; Chung, Ki Sup. Simple diagnostic approach to childhood fecal retention using the Leech score and Bristol stool form scale in medical practice. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2010, 25 (2): 334–338 [2022-01-17]. ISSN 1440-1746. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06015.x. （原始內容存檔於2022-01-18）（英語）.

[2] Corsetti, Maura; De Nardi, Paola; Di Pietro, Salvatore; Passaretti, Sandro; Testoni, Pier Alberto; Staudacher, Carlo. Rectal Distensibility and Symptoms After Stapled and Milligan–Morgan Operation for Hemorrhoids. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2009-12-01, 13 (12): 2245–2251. ISSN 1873-4626. doi:10.1007/s11605-009-0983-7 （英語）.

[3] Wang, Hui-Ji; Liang, Xiao-Mei; Yu, Zhong-Lin; Zhou, Li-Ya; Lin, San-Ren; Geraint, Mike. A Randomised, Controlled Comparison of Low-Dose Polyethylene Glycol 3350 plus Electrolytes with Ispaghula Husk in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Functional Constipation. Clinical Drug Investigation. 2004-10-01, 24 (10): 569–576. ISSN 1179-1918. doi:10.2165/00044011-200424100-00002 （英語）.

[4] Mínguez Pérez, M.; Benages Martínez, A. The Bristol scale: a useful system to assess stool form?. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas. 2009-05, 101 (5): 305–311. ISSN 1130-0108. doi:10.4321/s1130-01082009000500001. ^{[失效連結]}

[5] Lacy, Brian E.; Patel, Nihal K. Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2017-10-26, 6 (11): 99 [2022-01-17]. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 5704116 . PMID 29072609. doi:10.3390/jcm6110099. （原始內容存檔於2022-08-04）.

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