訊號完整性

訊號完整性（英語：Signal integrity, SI）是對於電子訊號品質的一系列度量標準。在數碼電路中，一串二進制的訊號流是通過電壓（或電流）的波形來表示。然而，自然界的訊號實際上都是模擬的，而非數碼的，所有的訊號都受噪音、扭曲和損失影響。在短距離、低位元率的情況里，一個簡單的導體可以忠實地傳輸訊號。而長距離、高位元率的訊號如果通過幾種不同的導體，多種效應可以降低訊號的可信度，這樣系統或設備不能正常工作。訊號完整性工程是分析和緩解上述負面效應的一項任務，在所有水平的電子封裝和組裝，例如集成電路的內部連接、集成電路封裝、印製電路板等製程過程中，都是一項十分重要的活動。

訊號完整性考慮的問題主要有振鈴（ringing）、串擾（crosstalk）、接地反彈、扭曲（skew）、訊號損失和電源供應中的噪音。

參考文獻

Howard Johnson, Martin Graham. High-speed signal propagation : advanced black magic. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR. 2002. ISBN 0-13-084408-X. Advanced-level reference text for experienced digital designers who want to press their designs to the upper limits of speed and distance.
Eric Bogatin. Signal and Power Integrity - Simplified, Second Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2009 [2011-09-10]. ISBN 978-0-13-234979-6. （原始內容存檔於2011-09-10）. From the backcover: Draws from author's industrial experience and his work teaching more than five thousand engineers.
Stephen H. Hall, Garrett W. Hall, James A. McCall. High speed digital system design : a handbook of interconnect theory and design practices. New York: Wiley. 2000. ISBN 0471360902.
William J. Dally; John W. Poulton. Digital systems engineering. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. 1999. ISBN 0-52-159292-5. Textbook on the problems of building digital systems, including signal integrity.
Douglas Brooks. Signal integrity issues and printed circuit board design. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR. 2003. ISBN 0-13-141884-X. This book approaches electrical engineering and signal integrity principles from a basic level, assuming little prior understanding.
Vikas Shukla,. Signal Integrity for PCB Designers. Reference Designer. ISBN 0-9821-3690-0.
Geoff Lawday, David Ireland, and Greg Edlund. A signal integrity engineer's companion : real-time test and measurement and design simulation. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2008. ISBN 0-13-186006-2.
Madhavan Swaminathan, A. Ege Engin. Power integrity modeling and design for semiconductors and systems. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2008. ISBN 9780136152064. Using realistic case studies and downloadable software examples, two leading experts demonstrate today's best techniques for designing and modeling interconnects to efficiently distribute power and minimize noise. The authors carefully introduce the core concepts of power distribution design, systematically present and compare leading techniques for modeling noise, and link these techniques to specific applications. Their many examples range from the simplest (using analytical equations to compute power supply noise) through complex system-level applications.
Altera Signal Integrity Center
Basic Principles of Signal Integrity （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
Agilent EEsof EDA - Signal Integrity Analysis Resources^{[失效連結]}
"Design tip: Model instruments to improve signal integrity simulation", EETimes, John Olah, 2007-October-25
Topics in signal integrity were discussed at DesignCon 2008 February 4, 2008 to February 7, 2008
"Understanding Signal Integrity - Signal integrity is becoming a more significant problem as clock frequencies increase" by Eric Bogatin, GigaTest Labs, Agilent Application Note 5988-5978EN, April 2002, 8 pages, PDF, 0.9MB
"Signal Integrity Analysis Series Part 1: Single-Port TDR, TDR/TDT, and 2-Port TDR" (Agilent Application Note 5989-5763EN, February 2007, 72 pages, PDF, 5.2MB)
"Signal Integrity Analysis Series Part 2: 4-Port TDR/VNA/PLTS" (Agilent Application Note 5989-5764EN, February 2007, 56 pages, PDF, 3.6MB)
"Signal Integrity Analysis Series Part 3: The ABC's of De-Embedding" (Agilent Application Note 5989-5765EN, July 2007, 48 pages, PDF, 2.5MB)

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參考文獻