芳香烴受體

芳香烴受體
識別號
別名	AHR；, bHLHe76, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, RP85
外部ID	OMIM：600253 MGI：105043 HomoloGene：1224 GeneCards：AHR
基因位置（人類）
染色體	7號染色體
終止	17,346,152 bp
基因位置（小鼠）
染色體	小鼠12號染色體
終止	35,585,037 bp
基因本體
分子功能	• DNA結合; • Hsp90 protein binding; • protein dimerization activity; • 轉錄因子結合; • nuclear receptor activity; • E-box binding; • 血漿蛋白結合; • protein heterodimerization activity; • DNA結合轉錄因子活性; • TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding; • transcription coactivator binding; • TBP-class protein binding; • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; • protein homodimerization activity; • sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding;
細胞組分	• 細胞質; • 轉錄調節複合物; • cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex; • nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex; • 細胞核; • aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex; • 細胞質基質; • 核質; • 大分子複合體;
生物學過程	• regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • rhythmic process; • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • transcription by RNA polymerase II; • circadian regulation of gene expression; • transcription, DNA-templated; • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • regulation of B cell proliferation; • blood vessel development; • 基因調節; • xenobiotic metabolic process; • 細胞週期; • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • response to toxic substance; • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; • 細胞凋亡; • intracellular receptor signaling pathway; • 藥效; • cAMP-mediated signaling; • cellular response to cAMP; • cellular response to forskolin; • cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
	196
	11622
	ENSG00000106546
	ENSMUSG00000019256
	P35869
	P30561
	NM_001621
	NM_013464; NM_001314027
	NP_001612
	NP_001300956; NP_038492
	維基數據
檢視/編輯人類	檢視/編輯小鼠

芳香烴受體（英語：Aryl hydrocarbon receptor，或稱為芳烴受體或芳基烴受體，簡稱為AhR或AHR）是一種在人類中由 AHR 基因編碼的蛋白質。芳香烴受體是調節基因表達的轉錄因子。它最初被認為主要作為異生化學物質的傳感器發揮作用，同時也作為代謝這些化學物質的細胞色素P450等酶的調節劑。這些異生化學物質中最引人注目的是芳香族（芳基）烴，受體的名字也來源於此。

最近，已經發現AhR被許多內源性吲哚衍生物如犬尿氨酸激活（或失活）。除了調節代謝酶外，AhR 還具有調節免疫、幹細胞維持、和細胞分化的作用^[5]^[6]^[7]。

芳香烴受體是鹼性螺旋-環-螺旋轉錄因子家族中的一個成員。此受體的生理學配體未知，但它會結合多種外源性配體，例如天然植物黃酮類化合物、多酚類與吲哚類等，以及人造合成的多環芳烴以及二噁英樣物質化合物。AhR是一種通常情況下無活性而與一些共分子伴侶胞質溶膠結合的轉錄因子。一旦配體結合到例如2,3,7,8-四氯二苯二氧芑（TCDD）等化學物質上時，分子伴侶離解並導致AhR轉移到細胞核中並與ARNT（芳香烴受體核轉運體）二聚化，致使基因轉錄產生改變。

蛋白質功能域

芳香烴受體(AhR)蛋白包含幾個對功能至關重要的結構域，被歸類為鹼性螺旋-環-螺旋/PAS結構域 (bHLH/PAS) 轉錄因子家族的成員^[8]^[9]。bHLH基序位於蛋白質的N端，是多種轉錄因子中的一個共同實體^[10]。bHLH 超家族的成員有兩個功能獨特且高度保守的結構域。第一個是鹼性區 (b)，它參與轉錄因子與 DNA 的結合。第二個是螺旋-環-螺旋 (HLH) 區域，它促進蛋白質-蛋白質相互作用。

配體

芳香烴受體(AhR)配體通常分為兩類，合成的或天然存在的。第一個被發現的配體是合成的，包括鹵代芳烴（多氯雙苯並對二噁英、Polychlorinated dibenzofurans、和聯苯）和多環芳香烴（3-methylcholanthrene、苯並[a]芘、並四苯和β-萘黃酮）^[11]^[12]。一系列合成配體已被設計用於靶向未來可能的乳腺癌治療^[13]。

研究集中在天然存在的化合物上，希望能識別出內源性配體。

參考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106546 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019256 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Esser C. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Immunity: Tools and Potential. Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses. Methods in Molecular Biology 1371. 2016: 239–57. ISBN 978-1-4939-3138-5. PMID 26530806. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3139-2_16.
^ Kawajiri K, Fujii-Kuriyama Y. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a multifunctional chemical sensor for host defense and homeostatic maintenance. Experimental Animals. May 2017, 66 (2): 75–89. PMC 5411294 . PMID 27980293. doi:10.1538/expanim.16-0092.
^ Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Quintana FJ. Regulation of the Immune Response by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Immunity. January 2018, 48 (1): 19–33. PMC 5777317 . PMID 29343438. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.012.
^ Burbach KM, Poland A, Bradfield CA. Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 1992, 89 (17): 8185–9. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.8185B. PMC 49882 . PMID 1325649. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8185 .
^ Fukunaga BN, Probst MR, Reisz-Porszasz S, Hankinson O. Identification of functional domains of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 1995, 270 (49): 29270–8. PMID 7493958. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.49.29270 .
^ Jones S. An overview of the basic helix-loop-helix proteins. Genome Biology. 2004, 5 (6): 226. PMC 463060 . PMID 15186484. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-6-226.
^ Denison MS, Pandini A, Nagy SR, Baldwin EP, Bonati L. Ligand binding and activation of the Ah receptor. Chemico-Biological Interactions (Submitted manuscript). September 2002, 141 (1–2): 3–24 [2023-04-27]. PMID 12213382. S2CID 29379967. doi:10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00063-7. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-05）.
^ Denison MS, Nagy SR. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by structurally diverse exogenous and endogenous chemicals. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2003, 43: 309–34. PMID 12540743. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.135828.
^ Baker JR, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a breast cancer drug target. Medicinal Research Reviews. May 2020, 40 (3): 972–1001. PMID 31721255. doi:10.1002/med.21645 .

外部連結

醫學主題詞表（MeSH）：Aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000106546 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000019256 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Esser_2016-5] Esser C. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Immunity: Tools and Potential. Suppression and Regulation of Immune Responses. Methods in Molecular Biology 1371. 2016: 239–57. ISBN 978-1-4939-3138-5. PMID 26530806. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3139-2_16.

[Kawajiri_2017-6] Kawajiri K, Fujii-Kuriyama Y. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a multifunctional chemical sensor for host defense and homeostatic maintenance. Experimental Animals. May 2017, 66 (2): 75–89. PMC 5411294 . PMID 27980293. doi:10.1538/expanim.16-0092.

[Gutiérrez-Vázquez_2018-7] Gutiérrez-Vázquez C, Quintana FJ. Regulation of the Immune Response by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Immunity. January 2018, 48 (1): 19–33. PMC 5777317 . PMID 29343438. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.012.

[pmid1325649-8] Burbach KM, Poland A, Bradfield CA. Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. September 1992, 89 (17): 8185–9. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.8185B. PMC 49882 . PMID 1325649. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8185 .

[pmid7493958-9] Fukunaga BN, Probst MR, Reisz-Porszasz S, Hankinson O. Identification of functional domains of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 1995, 270 (49): 29270–8. PMID 7493958. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.49.29270 .

[pmid15186484-10] Jones S. An overview of the basic helix-loop-helix proteins. Genome Biology. 2004, 5 (6): 226. PMC 463060 . PMID 15186484. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-6-226.

[pmid12213382-11] Denison MS, Pandini A, Nagy SR, Baldwin EP, Bonati L. Ligand binding and activation of the Ah receptor. Chemico-Biological Interactions (Submitted manuscript). September 2002, 141 (1–2): 3–24 [2023-04-27]. PMID 12213382. S2CID 29379967. doi:10.1016/S0009-2797(02)00063-7. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-05）.

[pmid12540743-12] Denison MS, Nagy SR. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by structurally diverse exogenous and endogenous chemicals. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2003, 43: 309–34. PMID 12540743. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.135828.

[13] Baker JR, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a breast cancer drug target. Medicinal Research Reviews. May 2020, 40 (3): 972–1001. PMID 31721255. doi:10.1002/med.21645 .

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