维基百科:格式手册/表格

表格是以行和列呈现数据或信息的方法。 虽然在维基百科里我们可以用表格来有效地表示不同种类的内容，但只应在适当的时候使用。在一个表格里的信息，有时可以比以散文段落方式或以嵌入列表方式更好。

在编辑时，应避免指示到“条目左侧”或“条目右侧”的表格。由于表格的位置会因手机版本而略有分别，而且对于以其他辅助软件阅读维基百科的使用者来说，这种表示是没有意义的。相反地，每个表格应以标题来让使用者去识别。

格式

主页面：Help:Table

It is recommended that Help:使用维基标记式语言增修表格/1 be used in place of HTML元素s, as they are easier to customize and maintain. A standard "wikitable style" is also available, by adding class="wikitable" to the top row of the table. The powerful and useful Help:表格 feature can be enabled by adding class="sortable" to the top row. Extreme caution should be applied if rowspan or colspan is used. It is also possible to combine class, as in class="wikitable sortable".

上标与栏位标

Table captions and column/row headings should be succinct and self-explanatory. In most cases, individual words or sentence fragments should be used, and 冠词s (a, an, the) are unnecessary. Only the first word in the caption or heading should be capitalized (except for proper nouns), in keeping with Wikipedia's conventions for capital letters. In some rare cases, judicious use of soft hyphens may be helpful; see MOS:HYPHEN for details.

外观

In general, styles for tables and other block-level elements should be set using CSS classes, not with inline style attributes. This is because the site-wide CSS is more carefully tested to ensure compatibility with a wide range of browsers; it also creates a greater degree of professionalism by ensuring a consistent appearance between articles. Deviations from standard conventions are acceptable where they create a semantic distinction (for instance, the infoboxes and navigational templates relating to 辛普森一家 use a yellow color-scheme instead of the customary mauve, to tie in with the dominant color in the series) but should not be used gratuitously.

See WP:Deviations and Wikipedia talk:Consensus/RfC for guidance on use of coloring or non-standard formatting, and for when MoS and WikiProjects guidance is at variance.

Consideration may be given to collapsing tables which Wikipedia:格式手册.

Wikipedia tables are set flush-left, and allowed to grow rightward, not centered on the page.

亲和力

主页面：Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility § Block elements

Screen readers and other web browsing tools make use of specific table tags to help users navigate the data contained within tables. Use the correct wikitable pipe syntax to take advantage of all the features available.

See Wikipedia:格式手册/亲和力 for information about restrained use of color in tables, to avoid creating accessibility problems for visually-impaired as well as normal vision readers.

Do not separate items by leaving blank lines between them, even when using unordered or definition lists. The Wikipedia list templates explicitly identify lists for readers, rather than relying on visual formatting to indirectly imply the presence of a list.

大小

Splitting lists and tables per summary style is Wikipedia:条目长度. Among other problems, arbitrarily splitting a wikitable effectively disables the powerful and useful sorting feature from working across the entire table.

On the other hand, overloading tables with too much detailed statistical data is against policy. Careful thought should be given to how a reader would use a table, and what level of detail is appropriate.

适用性

适当使用

Tables are a way of presenting links, data, or information in rows and columns. They are a complex form of list, formatted into a systematic grid pattern. Tables might be useful for presenting mathematical data such as multiplication tables, comparative figures, or sporting results. They may also be useful for presenting equivalent words in two or more languages; for awards by type and year; complex discographies; etc.

The sortability of multiple columns in a table is a powerful tool that helps the reader to understand relationships and find patterns in large lists. The sortability of tables makes them very useful for "List of..." articles in Wikipedia, which are intended to give an overview of the subject area, and to allow easy comparisons among many similar items. Avoid cramming too much detailed information into individual table entries; if appropriate, the reader should be able to click a Wikilink to read a full, detailed article corresponding to a concise table entry.

Often a list is best left as a list. Before reformatting a list into table form, consider whether the information will be more clearly conveyed by virtue of having rows and columns. If so, then a table is probably a good choice. If there is no obvious benefit to having rows and columns, then a table is probably not the best choice.

Tables should not be misused to resolve visual layout problems. If the information you are editing is not tabular in nature, it probably does not belong in a table: Do not misuse tables for putting a caption under a photograph, arranging a group of links, or other strictly visual features. These practices make the article harder for other Wikipedians to edit, and is likely to cause problems when viewed on different display sizes and aspect ratios. Also, when compared with tables, wikimarkup is more flexible, easier to use, and less arcane when used correctly for desktop publishing layout, page elements, and page orientation and positioning.

Examples:

标准多栏排序表格

赛事结果

Outcome No. Year Championship Opponent in the final Score Reference Winner 1. 1981 斯诺克世界锦标赛 Doug Mountjoy 18–12 Winner 2. 1983 斯诺克世界锦标赛 (2) 克里夫·桑本 18–6 Winner 3 1983 International Open 克里夫·桑本 9–3 Winner 4. 1984 Classic Tony Meo 9–8 Winner 5. 1984 斯诺克世界锦标赛 (3) 吉米·怀特 18–16 Winner 6. 1984 International Open (2) Tony Knowles 9–2 Winner 7. 1984 UK Championship Alex Higgins 16–8 Runner-up 1. 1985 斯诺克世界锦标赛 丹尼斯·泰勒 1985年斯诺克世界锦标赛决赛 Winner 8. 1985 斯诺克世界公开赛 丹尼斯·泰勒 10–9 Winner 9. 1985 UK Championship (2) Willie Thorne 16–14

标准多栏表格含副栏位

音乐作品

年份 标题 Peak chart positions 音乐唱片销售认证 加拿大 澳大利亚 奥地利 德国 荷兰 挪威 瑞典 瑞士 英国专辑排行榜 公告牌二百强专辑榜 北美洲 欧洲 1993 So Far So Good Released: November 2, 1993 Label: A&M 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 CA: 6× Platinum US: 5× Platinum SW: 4× Platinum UK: 3× Platinum 1999 The Best of Me Released: November 15, 1999 Label: A&M 14 18 4 7 13 2 20 3 12 — CA: 3× Platinum EU: 2× Platinum SW: Platinum UK: Platinum 2005 Anthology Released: October 18, 2005 Label: A&M 4 — 28 30 — — — 39 29 65 CA: 2× Platinum UK: Gold 2010 Icon Released: August 31, 2010 Label: 环球唱片 — — — — — — — — — — "—" denotes releases that did not chart.

混用排序多栏表格

电影作品

List of acting performances in film and television Year Title Role Notes 1961 Barabbas Patrician in Arena uncredited 1962 Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man undetermined role uncredited 1963 Beverly Hillbillies, TheThe·Beverly Hillbillies Janet Trego TV series, 15 episodes 1963 Mister Ed Telephone Operator Sailor's Girl TV series, episodes: "Love Thy New Neighbor" "Ed Discovers America" 1964 Americanization of Emily, TheThe·Americanization of Emily Beautiful Girl uncredited 1965 Man from U.N.C.L.E., TheThe·Man from U.N.C.L.E. Therapist TV series, episode: "The Girls of Nazarone Affair" 1966 Eye of the Devil Odile de Caray 1967 Fearless Vampire Killers, TheThe·Fearless Vampire Killers Sarah Shagal 1967 Don't Make Waves Malibu 1967 风月泣残红 Jennifer North 1968 魔鬼怪婴 Girl at Party uncredited 1968 Wrecking Crew, TheThe·Wrecking Crew Freya Carlson 1969 Thirteen Chairs, TheThe·Thirteen Chairs (also known as 12+1) Pat released posthumously

多栏定序表格

奖项

Year Award Title Result 第5届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳影片奖 Arrowsmith 提名 第8届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳影片奖 The Informer 提名 第8届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳导演奖 The Informer 获奖 第12届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳导演奖 驿马车 (电影) 提名 第13届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳影片奖 The Long Voyage Home 提名 第13届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳导演奖 The Grapes of Wrath 获奖 第14届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳影片奖 翡翠谷 (电影) 获奖 第14届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳导演奖 翡翠谷 (电影) 获奖 第15届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳纪录片奖 中途岛海战 获奖 第16届奥斯卡金像奖 奥斯卡最佳纪录短片奖 December 7th 获奖 1952 奥斯卡最佳影片奖 蓬门今始为君开 提名 1952 奥斯卡最佳导演奖 蓬门今始为君开 获奖

多栏定序表格数字靠右

数学表格
乘法运算表 × 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

树状图（分支图）左侧起始

进化分枝图
Crocodylinae    "Crocodylus" megarhinus    马氏鳄亚科    堪芭拉鳄属     Australosuchus     Trilophosuchus        Osteolaeminae      Rimasuchus       "Crocodylus" pigotti     Euthecodon         Voay       侏儒鳄     侏儒鳄           Mecistops       Crocodylus anthropophagus     鳄属       沼泽鳄       暹罗鳄       澳洲淡水鳄     新畿内亚鳄     菲律宾鳄             尼罗鳄       美洲鳄     奥利诺科鳄     古巴鳄     危地马拉鳄

彩色甘特图（水平条状图）

Flow data

不当使用

简单条列

如果表格内容很简单，最好使用维基标准条列格式以取代表格。条列格式比表格更容易维护，通常也比较容易阅读。

以下是一个条列范例，其格式为：

* 1980: Ultra Wave
* 1988: What's Bootsy Doin'?
* 1994: Blasters of the Universe
* 1994: Fresh Outta 'P' Uni

这样会显示为：

• 1980: Ultra Wave
• 1988: What's Bootsy Doin'?
• 1994: Blasters of the Universe
• 1994: Fresh Outta 'P' Uni

若使用表格格式：

{| class="wikitable"
|1980
|Ultra Wave
|-
|1988
|What's Bootsy Doin'?
|-
|1994
|Blasters of the Universe
|-
|1994
|Fresh Outta 'P' Uni
|}

其显示为：

1980	Ultra Wave
1988	What's Bootsy Doin'?
1994	Blasters of the Universe
1994	Fresh Outta 'P' Uni

散文体

Prose is preferred in articles as prose allows the presentation of detail and clarification of context, in a way that a table may not. Prose flows, like one person speaking to another, and is best suited to articles, because their purpose is to explain. Tables which are mainly Wikipedia:格式手册/链接, which are most useful for browsing subject areas, should usually have their own entries: see Wikipedia:独立列表 for detail. In an article, significant items should normally be mentioned naturally within the text rather than merely tabulated.

页面布局

Page layouts (using multiple columns, positioning elements, adding borders, etc.) should be done via 层叠样式表, not tables, whenever possible.

• Images and other embedded media should be positioned using standard image syntax.
• There are several templates available that will create preformatted multi-column layouts: see Help:Columns.
• Other elements can be positioned or given special formatting through the use of the HTML Span与div element and Help:层叠样式表.

参见

• 关于表格的语法，参见帮助:表格
• Help:使用维基标记式语言增修表格/1, quick guide
• Help:Collapsing (show/hide button)
• Wikipedia:Conditional tables
• Wikipedia:Table namespace, an inactive proposal
• HTML元素