红尾水鸲

红尾水鸲
	雄鸟
	雌鸟
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	雀形目 Passeriformes
科：	鹟科 Muscicapidae
属：	红尾鸲属 Phoenicurus
种：	红尾水鸲 P. fuliginosus
二名法
	Phoenicurus fuliginosus; Vigors, 1831
异名
	Rhyacornis fuliginosus; Rhyacornis fuliginosa;

红尾水鸲（学名：Phoenicurus fuliginosus），又名铅色水鸫、铅色水鸲，台湾话称石青仔（台罗：tsio̍h-tshenn-á/tsio̍h-tshinn-á），为鹟科红尾鸲属下的一个种。分布于南亚、东南亚和中国。雄鸟为灰蓝色，雌鸟则为灰色。其俗名源于其颜色类似铅。它们通常栖息于快速流动的溪流和河流附近。

分类学

铅色水鸫属于雀形目和鹟科。它最初被归类于溪鸲属（Rhyacornis），但根据2010年发表的一项分子系统发生学研究，该物种被移至红尾鸲属（Phoenicurus）。^[2]^[3] 该物种有两个已确认的亚种：Phoenicurus fuliginosus fuliginosus和Phoenicurus fuliginosus affinis。前者由尼古拉斯·艾尔沃德·维格于1831年描述，后者由威廉·罗伯特·奥格尔维-格兰特于1906年描述，并分布于台湾。^[4] 在中国，雌鸟和一岁大的雄鸟上半身颜色较偏棕色，这导致有人将它们归类为独立的种族tenuirostris。^[4]

描述

铅色水鸫的体长通常为14厘米（5.5英寸），^[5]雄鸟平均重量为22克（0.78盎司），雌鸟平均重量为18.8克（0.66盎司）。^[6] 雄鸟的颜色为灰蓝色，尾巴呈铁锈红色。^[7]^[8] 雌鸟则为淡灰色，并具有白色的腰部斑纹。^[5]^[8]

栖地

该鸟分布于阿富汗、孟加拉、不丹、中国、印度、寮国、缅甸、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦、台湾、泰国和越南。^[9]^[10] 它们偏好的栖地是溪流、^[9]溪沟^[8]和河流^[11]，尤其是有岩石和遮荫的地区，^[12]以及靠近河岸的植被区域。^[9] 含有较多昆虫（如蜉蝣）的溪流似乎更受其青睐。^[13]

它们通常生活在较高的海拔地区，在喜马拉雅山脉地区的海拔约为2,000米（6,600英尺）^[14]至4,100米（13,500英尺）^[9]。然而，冬季它们往往会下降到较低的海拔。^[9]

铅色水鸫在IUCN红色名录中被列为无危，因为过去十年其种群数量保持稳定。其分布范围超过5,100,000平方千米（2,000,000平方英里）。^[15]

行为

铅色水鸫对其栖地非常保护，^[16]对任何入侵其领土的生物会表现出极具攻击性的行为。^[7] 为了捕捉河中的飞虫，铅色水鸫会垂直飞起，直到离水面至少20英尺（6.1米）高，然后盘旋滑翔回到原处。^[11]

图库

雄鸟，戈达瓦里，拉利特普尔，尼泊尔
雌性，显示甩尾
男，查菲，奈尼塔尔, 北阿坎德邦
雄鸟鸣声

参考文献

铅色水鸲 Phoenicurus fuliginosa Vigors, 1831. 台湾物种名录. 台湾: 中央研究院生物多样性研究中心. [2013-01-24] （中文（台湾））.

^ Rhyacornis fuliginosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013].
^ Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2010, 57 (1): 380–392. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S. PMID 20656044. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008.
^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (编). Chats, Old World flycatchers. World Bird List Version 6.2. International Ornithologists' Union. [20 May 2016].
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Plumbeous Water-redstart (Rhyacornis fuliginosa). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Internet Bird Collection. 2003 [December 3, 2013].
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Bezruchka, Stephen; Lyons, Alonzo. Trekking Nepal: A Traveler's Guide. The Mountaineers Books. 2011: 291 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9781594854101.
^ Dunning, John B. Jr. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses Second. CRC Press. December 5, 2007: 397 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9781420064452.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Lawrence, Walter Roper. The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services. 1895: 150 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9788120616301.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Herklots, Geoffrey Alton Craig. The Hong Kong Naturalist, Volumes 7–8. Newspaper Enterprise Limited. 1936: 150 [December 3, 2013].
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 Sibley, Charles Gald. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press. 1990: 538 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780300049695.
^ MacKinnon, John Ramsay. A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Oxford University Press. June 8, 2000: 10 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780198549406. plumbeous water redstart.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 Ward, Francis Kingdon. Himalayan Enchantment: An Anthology. Serindia Publications, Inc. 1990: 173 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780906026229. plumbeous water redstart.
^ Dudgeon, David; Corlett, Richard. Hills and Streams: An Ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. July 1, 1994: 140 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9789622093577.
^ Manel, Stéphanie; Dias, Jean-Marie; Ormerod, Steve J. Comparing discriminant analysis, neural networks and logistic regression for predicting species distributions: a case study with a Himalayan river bird. Ecological Modelling. August 17, 1999, 120 (2–3): 337–347. Bibcode:1999EcMod.120..337M. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00113-1.
^ Negi, Sharad Singh. Himalayan Wildlife, Habitat and Conservation. Indus Publishing. January 1, 1992: 108 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9788185182681.
^ Plumbeous Water-redstart (Rhyacornis fuliginosa). BirdLife International. 2013 [December 3, 2013].
^ Brazil, Mark. Birds of East Asia. A&C Black. January 14, 2009: 422 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780713670400.

[1] Rhyacornis fuliginosa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013].

[2] Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2010, 57 (1): 380–392. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S. PMID 20656044. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008.

[ioc-3] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (编). Chats, Old World flycatchers. World Bird List Version 6.2. International Ornithologists' Union. [20 May 2016].

[IBC-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Plumbeous Water-redstart (Rhyacornis fuliginosa). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Internet Bird Collection. 2003 [December 3, 2013].

[nepal-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Bezruchka, Stephen; Lyons, Alonzo. Trekking Nepal: A Traveler's Guide. The Mountaineers Books. 2011: 291 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9781594854101.

[6] Dunning, John B. Jr. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses Second. CRC Press. December 5, 2007: 397 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9781420064452.

[kashmir-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Lawrence, Walter Roper. The Valley of Kashmir. Asian Educational Services. 1895: 150 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9788120616301.

[naturalist-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Herklots, Geoffrey Alton Craig. The Hong Kong Naturalist, Volumes 7–8. Newspaper Enterprise Limited. 1936: 150 [December 3, 2013].

[distribution-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 ^9.3 ^9.4 Sibley, Charles Gald. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press. 1990: 538 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780300049695.

[10] MacKinnon, John Ramsay. A Field Guide to the Birds of China. Oxford University Press. June 8, 2000: 10 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780198549406. plumbeous water redstart.

[enchantment-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Ward, Francis Kingdon. Himalayan Enchantment: An Anthology. Serindia Publications, Inc. 1990: 173 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780906026229. plumbeous water redstart.

[12] Dudgeon, David; Corlett, Richard. Hills and Streams: An Ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. July 1, 1994: 140 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9789622093577.

[13] Manel, Stéphanie; Dias, Jean-Marie; Ormerod, Steve J. Comparing discriminant analysis, neural networks and logistic regression for predicting species distributions: a case study with a Himalayan river bird. Ecological Modelling. August 17, 1999, 120 (2–3): 337–347. Bibcode:1999EcMod.120..337M. doi:10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00113-1.

[14] Negi, Sharad Singh. Himalayan Wildlife, Habitat and Conservation. Indus Publishing. January 1, 1992: 108 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9788185182681.

[15] Plumbeous Water-redstart (Rhyacornis fuliginosa). BirdLife International. 2013 [December 3, 2013].

[16] Brazil, Mark. Birds of East Asia. A&C Black. January 14, 2009: 422 [December 3, 2013]. ISBN 9780713670400.

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