催眠治疗

催眠疗法，或称催眠治疗法、催眠治疗、催眠心理疗法等（英语：Hypnotherapy），是一种身心干预（英语：Mind–body interventions）技术，在这种干预中，催眠被用来创造一种注意力集中的状态，并在处理生理或心理障碍或其他相关问题时，增加心理暗示能力。^[1]

该方法也被视为一种替代医学技术。

催眠疗法使用包括来自言语、环境等方面的心理暗示，使被催眠者进入放松、专注、注意力高度集中等类似睡眠却非睡眠的状态；在过程中，会使用心理暗示等指导性的意象，协助受助者处理其各种身心方面问题。

该方法与恍惚（英语：Trance）的意识状态有密切关系。

该方法可用于练习自我催眠或（深度）放松。

各种治疗方法

传统催眠疗法

认知/行为催眠疗法

正念催眠疗法

实际治疗用途

戒烟

在戒烟方面，催眠疗法比其他预防及治疗措施，在治疗六个月后的成功戒烟率更高。 ^[2]

分娩

催眠疗法，可适用于分娩过程和产后护理^[3] ^[4]^[5] ^[6] ^[7]。目前仍未有足够的证据来确定它是否可以减轻分娩时的疼痛^[8]和有效地预防产后抑郁症。 ^[9]在2012年前，学界没有对此方法进行过深入的研究。但是，在2013年进行的研究发现：“在分娩中使用催眠会导致药理镇痛和催产素的使用减少，从而缩短了第一产程的持续时间”。 ^[10] 2013年，在丹麦进行了研究，得出的结论是：“自我催眠课程可改善妇女的分娩体验，并减少恐惧感”。 ^[11] 2015年，一组研究人员在英国进行了类似的研究：“自我催眠的积极经历给人以镇静，自信和增强分娩的感觉”。 ^[12]催眠术被凯特米德尔顿（Kate Middleton）等名星使用。 ^[13]

其他用途

在许多其他医学领域中，也有应用催眠学 ^[14]。在维多利亚时代，催眠用于治疗了当时被称为歇斯底里的疾病。 ^[15]

现代催眠疗法已被广泛接受，特别是用于治疗某些习惯性疾病，如控制不合理的恐惧^[16] ^[17]以及治疗失眠^[18]和成瘾等病症。 ^[19]催眠术也已用于加强恢复非心理的病征，例如手术后^[20]的乳腺癌护理^[21]甚至是肠胃疾病^[22]，包括大肠激躁症。 ^[23] ^[24]

参考资料

^ Elkins, Gary R.; Barabasz, Arreed F.; Council, James R.; Spiegel, David. Advancing research and practice: the revised APA Division 30 definition of hypnosis. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2015, 63 (1): 1–9 [2021-12-23]. ISSN 1744-5183. PMID 25365125. S2CID 24373533. doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.961870. （原始内容存档于2022-03-03）.
^ Abbot, NC; Stead, LF; White, AR; Barnes, J. Jo , 编. Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005, (2): CD001008. PMID 10796583. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001008.
^ Mongan, Marie F. HypnoBirthing: The Mongan Method: A Natural Approach To A Safe, Easier, More Comfortable Birthing 3rd. HCI. 2005.
^ Sanjay Datta, Bhavani Shankar Kodali, Scott Segal. Non-pharmacological Methods for Relief of Labor Pain. Obstetric Anesthesia Handbook. 2010: 85–93. ISBN 978-0-387-88601-5. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88602-2_7.
^ Phillips-Moore, J. HypnoBirthing. TheAustralian Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2005, 12 (1): 41–2 [22 September 2012]. PMID 19175270. （原始内容存档于2020-03-22）.
^ Wainer, N. HypnoBirthing. A radical change on our perspective of pain in childbirth.. Midwifery Today with International Midwife. 2000, (55): 36–38. PMID 11189565.
^ Mottershead, N. Hypnosis: removing the labour from birth.. The Practising Midwife. March 2006, 9 (3): 26–7, 29. PMID 16562656.
^ Jones, L.; Othman, M.; Dowswell, T.; Alfirevic, Z.; Gates, S.; Newburn, M.; Jordan, S.; Lavender, T.; Neilson, J. P. James P , 编. Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012, 3 (3): CD009234. PMC 7132546 . PMID 22419342. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2.
^ Sado, M.; Ota, E.; Stickley, A.; Mori, R. Mitsuhiro , 编. Hypnosis during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period for preventing postnatal depression. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012, 6 (6): CD009062. PMID 22696381. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009062.pub2.
^ Kenyon, S; Armstrong, N; Johnston, T; Walkinshaw, S; Petrou, S; Howman, A; Cheed, V; Markham, C; McNicol, S. Standard- or high-dose oxytocin for nulliparous women with confirmed delay in labour: quantitative and qualitative results from a pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2013-06-21, 120 (11): 1403–1412. ISSN 1470-0328. PMID 23786339. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12331.
^ Werner, Anette; Uldbjerg, Niels; Zachariae, Robert; Wu, Chun Sen; Nohr, Ellen A. Antenatal Hypnosis Training and Childbirth Experience: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Birth. December 2013, 40 (4): 272–280. PMID 24344708. doi:10.1111/birt.12071 （英语）.
^ Finlayson, Kenneth; Downe, Soo; Hinder, Susan; Carr, Helen; Spiby, Helen; Whorwell, Peter. Unexpected consequences: women's experiences of a self-hypnosis intervention to help with pain relief during labour. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. December 2015, 15 (1): 229. ISSN 1471-2393. PMC 4583759 . PMID 26407981. doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0659-0 （英语）.
^ Miller, Anna Medaris. Kate Middleton said she used hypnobirthing techniques to get through labor — and she 'really quite enjoyed it'. Insider. [2020-06-03].
^ Savage, George Harvey. The Harveian Oration on Experimental Psychology and Hypnotism Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18, 1909. London: Henry Frowde. 1909. OL 26297021M.
^ Crimlisk, Helen L.; Ron, Maria A. Conversion hysteria: History, diagnostic issues, and clinical practice. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 1999, 4 (3): 165–180. doi:10.1080/135468099395909.
^ Crawford, Helen J.; Barabasz, Arreed F. Rhue, Steven Jay , 编. Handbook of clinical hypnosis. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. 1993: 311–337. ISBN 978-1-55798-440-1. doi:10.1037/10274-015.
^ Gow, M. A. Hypnosis with a 31-year-old female with dental phobia requiring emergency extraction (PDF). Contemporary Hypnosis. 2006, 23 (2): 83–91 [2021-02-27]. doi:10.1002/ch.312. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-06）.
^ Deirdre Barrett. The pregnant man: tales from a hypnotherapist's couch. New York: Times Books. 1998 [2021-02-27]. ISBN 9780812929058. （原始内容存档于2016-01-01）.
^ Hypnosis as an addiction treatment. Alcohol Rehab Thailand. [2021-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-14）.
^ Diamond, S.G.; Davis, O.C.; Schaechter, J.D.; Howe, R.D. Hypnosis for rehabilitation after stroke: Six case studies (PDF). Contemporary Hypnosis. 2006, 23 (4): 173–180 [2021-02-27]. doi:10.1002/ch.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-13）.
^ Hypnosis in breast cancer care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Integrative Cancer Therapies (review). September 2014, 14 (1): 5–15. PMID 25233905. doi:10.1177/1534735414550035.
^ Palsson, O.S. Effects of hypnosis on GI problems (PDF). UNCCenter for Functional GI & Motility Disorders. [2021-02-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-08-20）.
^ Tan, Gabriel; Hammond, D. Corydon; Gurrala, Joseph. Hypnosis and irritable bowel syndrome: a review of efficacy and mechanism of action. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2005, 47 (3): 161–178. PMID 15754863. doi:10.1080/00029157.2005.10401481.
^ Whorwell, P.J. The history of hypnotherapy and its role in the irritable bowel syndrome (PDF). Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2005, 22 (11–12): 1061–1067 [2021-02-27]. Bibcode:10.1.1.616.6402 请检查|bibcode=值 (帮助). PMID 16305719. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02697.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-02-18）.

参见

[1] Elkins, Gary R.; Barabasz, Arreed F.; Council, James R.; Spiegel, David. Advancing research and practice: the revised APA Division 30 definition of hypnosis. The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2015, 63 (1): 1–9 [2021-12-23]. ISSN 1744-5183. PMID 25365125. S2CID 24373533. doi:10.1080/00207144.2014.961870. （原始内容存档于2022-03-03）.

[Cochrane2005-2] Abbot, NC; Stead, LF; White, AR; Barnes, J. Jo , 编. Hypnotherapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005, (2): CD001008. PMID 10796583. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001008.

[mongan-3] Mongan, Marie F. HypnoBirthing: The Mongan Method: A Natural Approach To A Safe, Easier, More Comfortable Birthing 3rd. HCI. 2005.

[ReferenceA-4] Sanjay Datta, Bhavani Shankar Kodali, Scott Segal. Non-pharmacological Methods for Relief of Labor Pain. Obstetric Anesthesia Handbook. 2010: 85–93. ISBN 978-0-387-88601-5. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88602-2_7.

[5] Phillips-Moore, J. HypnoBirthing. TheAustralian Journal of Holistic Nursing. 2005, 12 (1): 41–2 [22 September 2012]. PMID 19175270. （原始内容存档于2020-03-22）.

[6] Wainer, N. HypnoBirthing. A radical change on our perspective of pain in childbirth.. Midwifery Today with International Midwife. 2000, (55): 36–38. PMID 11189565.

[7] Mottershead, N. Hypnosis: removing the labour from birth.. The Practising Midwife. March 2006, 9 (3): 26–7, 29. PMID 16562656.

[Cochrane2012-8] Jones, L.; Othman, M.; Dowswell, T.; Alfirevic, Z.; Gates, S.; Newburn, M.; Jordan, S.; Lavender, T.; Neilson, J. P. James P , 编. Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012, 3 (3): CD009234. PMC 7132546 . PMID 22419342. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2.

[Cochrane2012b-9] Sado, M.; Ota, E.; Stickley, A.; Mori, R. Mitsuhiro , 编. Hypnosis during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period for preventing postnatal depression. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012, 6 (6): CD009062. PMID 22696381. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009062.pub2.

[10] Kenyon, S; Armstrong, N; Johnston, T; Walkinshaw, S; Petrou, S; Howman, A; Cheed, V; Markham, C; McNicol, S. Standard- or high-dose oxytocin for nulliparous women with confirmed delay in labour: quantitative and qualitative results from a pilot randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2013-06-21, 120 (11): 1403–1412. ISSN 1470-0328. PMID 23786339. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12331.

[11] Werner, Anette; Uldbjerg, Niels; Zachariae, Robert; Wu, Chun Sen; Nohr, Ellen A. Antenatal Hypnosis Training and Childbirth Experience: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Birth. December 2013, 40 (4): 272–280. PMID 24344708. doi:10.1111/birt.12071 （英语）.

[12] Finlayson, Kenneth; Downe, Soo; Hinder, Susan; Carr, Helen; Spiby, Helen; Whorwell, Peter. Unexpected consequences: women's experiences of a self-hypnosis intervention to help with pain relief during labour. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. December 2015, 15 (1): 229. ISSN 1471-2393. PMC 4583759 . PMID 26407981. doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0659-0 （英语）.

[13] Miller, Anna Medaris. Kate Middleton said she used hypnobirthing techniques to get through labor — and she 'really quite enjoyed it'. Insider. [2020-06-03].

[14] Savage, George Harvey. The Harveian Oration on Experimental Psychology and Hypnotism Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London, October 18, 1909. London: Henry Frowde. 1909. OL 26297021M.

[Crimlisk-15] Crimlisk, Helen L.; Ron, Maria A. Conversion hysteria: History, diagnostic issues, and clinical practice. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 1999, 4 (3): 165–180. doi:10.1080/135468099395909.

[Crawford-16] Crawford, Helen J.; Barabasz, Arreed F. Rhue, Steven Jay , 编. Handbook of clinical hypnosis. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. 1993: 311–337. ISBN 978-1-55798-440-1. doi:10.1037/10274-015.

[Gow-17] Gow, M. A. Hypnosis with a 31-year-old female with dental phobia requiring emergency extraction (PDF). Contemporary Hypnosis. 2006, 23 (2): 83–91 [2021-02-27]. doi:10.1002/ch.312. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-07-06）.

[18] Deirdre Barrett. The pregnant man: tales from a hypnotherapist's couch. New York: Times Books. 1998 [2021-02-27]. ISBN 9780812929058. （原始内容存档于2016-01-01）.

[Rehab-19] Hypnosis as an addiction treatment. Alcohol Rehab Thailand. [2021-02-27]. （原始内容存档于2011-11-14）.

[Diamond-20] Diamond, S.G.; Davis, O.C.; Schaechter, J.D.; Howe, R.D. Hypnosis for rehabilitation after stroke: Six case studies (PDF). Contemporary Hypnosis. 2006, 23 (4): 173–180 [2021-02-27]. doi:10.1002/ch.319. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2012-08-13）.

[21] Hypnosis in breast cancer care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Integrative Cancer Therapies (review). September 2014, 14 (1): 5–15. PMID 25233905. doi:10.1177/1534735414550035.

[Palsson-22] Palsson, O.S. Effects of hypnosis on GI problems (PDF). UNCCenter for Functional GI & Motility Disorders. [2021-02-27]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2014-08-20）.

[Tan-23] Tan, Gabriel; Hammond, D. Corydon; Gurrala, Joseph. Hypnosis and irritable bowel syndrome: a review of efficacy and mechanism of action. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2005, 47 (3): 161–178. PMID 15754863. doi:10.1080/00029157.2005.10401481.

[Whorwell-24] Whorwell, P.J. The history of hypnotherapy and its role in the irritable bowel syndrome (PDF). Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2005, 22 (11–12): 1061–1067 [2021-02-27]. Bibcode:10.1.1.616.6402 请检查|bibcode=值 (帮助). PMID 16305719. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02697.x. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2015-02-18）.

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