User:Bluedecklibrary/新沃克博物馆

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本页面为“新沃克博物馆”的存档，可能和当前版本有所不同。

存档UTC时间	2018年3月23日 09:25
存档编者	Bluedeck
当前版本号	48791106

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{{Infobox museum|名称=新沃克博物馆|图像=New Walk Museum main entrance.jpg|established=1849年|location=英国，莱斯特|curator=马克·伊万斯|website=新沃克博物馆和艺术画廊}}{{expert|time=2018-03-05T23:37:30+00:00}}

{{OSM Location map | lat =52.6308 | lon =-1.131 | float=right | zoom =14 | width = 255 | height = 300 | minimap = file | mini-file=Leicestershire UK district map (blank).svg | mini-width=100 | mini-height=75 | minipog-x=52 | minipog-y=39 | scalemark =106 | mark-lat = 52.628954 | mark-lon =-1.127765 | label = New Walk Museum |label-pos=top | mark-title = New Walk Museum | mark-image = New Walk Museum Leicester 2.JPG | mark-description = New Walk Museum, Leicester, has been A public museum since 1849. The building was designed by Joseph Hansom. }} 新沃克博物馆和艺术画廊，是一所位于英国莱斯特市新沃克街的博物馆，离莱斯特市中心不远^[1]。建于1849年，新沃克博物馆是英国最早成立的公共博物馆之一^[2]，其展品涵盖科学与人文艺术领域，富有国际色彩的同时兼具本地风情。博物馆原建筑由双轮双坐马车的设计者乔瑟夫·汉森所设计^[3]，曾经历过数次扩建，最近的一次是在2011年。

主展览[编辑]

常设展览区的主题包括恐龙、古埃及、莱斯特郡矿物质、在附近发掘的第一块加尼亚虫化石等，并设有一块野生动物空间，摆放着世界各地动物的填充模型。

恐龙与化石[编辑]

新沃克博物馆有着丰富的绝迹生物馆藏。常设展品中包括两具恐龙化石骨架：发掘于拉特兰郡的鲸龙，以及出土于索尔河畔巴罗村的蛇颈龙亚目^[1]。

1968年6月，在拉特兰郡小卡斯特通村附近威廉森·克里夫采石场发掘出了一具牛津鲸龙的骨架，昵称“乔治”。这一骨架长达15米（49英尺），是世界上所发掘的蜥脚类恐龙化石中最为完整的骨架之一。自1975年起，这一具化石骨架就已存放在新沃克博物馆中，由于该化石骨架极为脆弱，不便用于展示，因此馆内展览的大部分骨骼是原化石的复制品。^[4]^[5]这一拉特兰鲸龙曾经在英国儿童节目《蓝色彼得》中出镜，并在1985年由《蓝色彼得》的节目主持人珍妮特·诶利斯进行剪彩。

由英式腌鱼而得名的“巴罗腌鱼”是一具未经确认的蛇颈龙类骨架，于1851年于索尔河畔巴罗村发掘。“巴罗腌鱼”最初被认为是巨颅蛇颈龙的骨架，但后来又被重新归类为巨颅菱龙。然而，亚当·史密斯和加雷斯·戴克（2008年）认为这具化石骨架应当属于另一种还没有被命名的种类^[6]。

2011年9月，新沃克博物馆对其恐龙展区作出了扩张，重新组织了化石的陈列，添加了一个新的展厅，并对整个展区进行了装修。新的恐龙展区由大卫·阿滕伯勒剪彩，主要展示已灭绝的海生爬行动物^[7]^[1]。这一新展区的“镇区之宝”包括前文提及的拉特兰鲸龙、加尼亚虫化石、蛇颈龙化石、利兹鱼化石以及一小片巴尔维尔陨石。

新沃克博物馆收藏着在国际上具有重要地位的加尼亚虫化石。加尼亚虫化石是首个被确认为来自前寒武纪时期的化石^[8]。在发现该化石之前，人们认为前寒武纪时期还未曾出现大型的生物形态^[9]。新沃克博物馆所收藏的加尼亚虫化石属于“正型标本”，也就是一种生物被第一次鉴定并正式描述时所使用的物种实体，是“莱斯特的化石明星”^[10]。加尼亚虫由其发现者罗杰·曼森命名。1957年，当曼森在查恩伍德森林里发现加尼亚虫化石时，他还是一个学生。随后，曼森成为了一位学术地质学家。据曼森所说，早在他发现加尼亚虫化石的前一年，这块化石就被另一位女学生发现了。新沃克博物馆的加尼亚虫化石展览中也说明了这一点。这名女学生名为蒂娜·内格斯，然而，当时“并没有人把她当回事儿”^[11]^[12]。

其它[编辑]

新沃克博物馆收藏有四具埃及木乃伊，分别名为帕-内基特-托伊、佩-伊努伊、贝斯-恩-马特和塔-贝斯^[13]。博物馆同时收藏有一只使用剥制标本技术制成的北极熊“佩皮”，它是福克斯冰山薄荷品牌的吉祥物。

新沃克博物馆拥有全英国最为丰富的德国表现主义画作收藏。这些画作包括格奥尔格·巴泽利茨、瓦西里·康定斯基以及保罗·克利的作品，均在二战之前由纳粹德国走私而来^[14]。纳粹党谴责了这些画家的作品（详情请见1937年颓废艺术展览）。德国犹太人实业家及艺术收藏家阿尔弗雷德·黑斯之子汉斯·黑斯曾担任新沃克博物馆的策展人助手。

2007年，理查·阿滕伯勒捐赠了百余件毕加索陶瓷艺术藏品^[15]，在新沃克博物馆内进行展览。

临时展览[编辑]

新沃克博物馆的第一层是定期更改主题的临时展览厅。最近的展览包括寻找英王理查三世的遗骸、《超级无敌掌门狗》相关展示、以及一场以战争的丑恶和和平的力量为主题的画作和雕塑展，名为“从战争之魂到和平之手”^[16]。

参考资料[编辑]

外部連結[编辑]

Official website

Category:英國博物館 Category:萊斯特旅遊景點

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.leicester.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/museums-and-galleries/museums-and-historic-venues/new-walk-museum-and-art-gallery/%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum and Art Gallery|accessdate=2018-03-06|work=www.leicester.gov.uk|language=en}}
^ {{Cite web|url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/museumstudies/rcmg/projects/new-walk-museum-vision/new-walk-museum-vision%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum Vision — University of Leicester|accessdate=2018-03-06|last=cj36|work=www2.le.ac.uk|language=en}}
^ {{Cite book|title=The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803–1882)|last=Harris|first=Penelope|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press|year=2010|isbn=0-7734-3851-3|location=|pages=}}
^ Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507050449/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/therutlanddinosaur/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}
^ {{Cite journal|title=The Rutland Cetiosaurus: the anatomy and relationships of a Middle Jurassic British sauropod dinosaur|author=Upchurch P, Martin J|url=|journal=Palaeontology|issue=45|doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00275|others=|year=2002|volume=6|page=1049–1074|pmid=}}
^ {{Cite journal|title=A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany|author=Adam S. Smith|url=http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/smith&vincent_2010_meyerasaurus.pdf%7Cjournal=Palaeontology%7Cissue=53%7Cdoi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x%7Cothers=Peggy Vincent|year=2010|volume=5|page=1049-1063|pmid=}}
^ "Sir David Attenborough launches Dinosaur Gallery at Leicester's New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 September 2011.
^ Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507045254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/podcastcharniapartone/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}
^ {{Cite journal|title=Precambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest|author=Ford, T. D.|url=|journal=Yorkshire Geological Society Proceedings|issue=31|doi=10.1144/pygs.31.3.211|others=|year=1958|volume=3|page=211-217|pmid=}}
^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=Leicester’s fossil celebrity: Charnia and the evolution of early life|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|publisher=University of Leicester}}
^ {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=The discovery of Charnia masoni|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|last=Mason|first=Roger|publisher=University of Leicester}}
^ "In April 1957, I went rock-climbing in Charnwood Forest with two friends, Richard Allen and Richard Blachford (‘Blach’), fellow students at Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester. I was already interested in geology and knew that the rocks of the Charnian Supergroup were Precambrian although I had not heard of the Australian fossils. Richard Allen and I agree that Blach (who died in the early 1960s) drew my attention to the leaf-like fossil holotype now on display in Leicester City Museum. I took a rubbing and showed it to my father, who was Minister of the Great Meeting Unitarian Chapel in East Bond Street, taught part-time at University College (soon to be Leicester University) and thus knew Trevor Ford. We took Trevor to visit the fossil site and convinced him that it was a genuine fossil. His publication of the discovery in the Journal of the Yorkshire Geological Society established the genus Charnia and aroused worldwide interest. ... I was able to report the discovery because of my father’s encouragement and the enquiring approach fostered by my science teachers. Tina Negus saw the frond before I did but no one took her seriously."
^ Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715074254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/ancientegypt/%7Cdate=15 July 2014}}
^ {{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-29475742%7Ctitle=Leicester New Walk Museum exhibits German Expressionist art|author=|date=3 October 2014|work=BBC|accessdate=5 April 2016}}
^ Lewis, Caroline. "Attenborough donates Picasso ceramics collection to Leicester New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 June 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
^ "New art exhibition highlights the contrasts between war and peace", Leicester City Council, 23 March 2011.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 {{Cite web|url=https://www.leicester.gov.uk/leisure-and-culture/museums-and-galleries/museums-and-historic-venues/new-walk-museum-and-art-gallery/%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum and Art Gallery|accessdate=2018-03-06|work=www.leicester.gov.uk|language=en}}

[2] {{Cite web|url=https://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/museumstudies/rcmg/projects/new-walk-museum-vision/new-walk-museum-vision%7Ctitle=New Walk Museum Vision — University of Leicester|accessdate=2018-03-06|last=cj36|work=www2.le.ac.uk|language=en}}

[3] {{Cite book|title=The Architectural Achievement of Joseph Aloysius Hansom (1803–1882)|last=Harris|first=Penelope|publisher=The Edwin Mellen Press|year=2010|isbn=0-7734-3851-3|location=|pages=}}

[4] Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507050449/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/therutlanddinosaur/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}

[5] {{Cite journal|title=The Rutland Cetiosaurus: the anatomy and relationships of a Middle Jurassic British sauropod dinosaur|author=Upchurch P, Martin J|url=|journal=Palaeontology|issue=45|doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00275|others=|year=2002|volume=6|page=1049–1074|pmid=}}

[6] {{Cite journal|title=A new genus of pliosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Lower Jurassic of Holzmaden, Germany|author=Adam S. Smith|url=http://www.plesiosauria.com/pdf/smith&vincent_2010_meyerasaurus.pdf%7Cjournal=Palaeontology%7Cissue=53%7Cdoi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00975.x%7Cothers=Peggy Vincent|year=2010|volume=5|page=1049-1063|pmid=}}

[7] "Sir David Attenborough launches Dinosaur Gallery at Leicester's New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 September 2011.

[8] Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507045254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/dinosaurs/podcastcharniapartone/%7Cdate=7 May 2012}}

[9] {{Cite journal|title=Precambrian fossils from Charnwood Forest|author=Ford, T. D.|url=|journal=Yorkshire Geological Society Proceedings|issue=31|doi=10.1144/pygs.31.3.211|others=|year=1958|volume=3|page=211-217|pmid=}}

[10] {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=Leicester’s fossil celebrity: Charnia and the evolution of early life|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|publisher=University of Leicester}}

[11] {{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/gl/charnia2007/AbstractBooklet2007r.pdf%7Ctitle=The discovery of Charnia masoni|accessdate=5 April 2016|author=|date=|last=Mason|first=Roger|publisher=University of Leicester}}

[12] "In April 1957, I went rock-climbing in Charnwood Forest with two friends, Richard Allen and Richard Blachford (‘Blach’), fellow students at Wyggeston Grammar School, Leicester. I was already interested in geology and knew that the rocks of the Charnian Supergroup were Precambrian although I had not heard of the Australian fossils. Richard Allen and I agree that Blach (who died in the early 1960s) drew my attention to the leaf-like fossil holotype now on display in Leicester City Museum. I took a rubbing and showed it to my father, who was Minister of the Great Meeting Unitarian Chapel in East Bond Street, taught part-time at University College (soon to be Leicester University) and thus knew Trevor Ford. We took Trevor to visit the fossil site and convinced him that it was a genuine fossil. His publication of the discovery in the Journal of the Yorkshire Geological Society established the genus Charnia and aroused worldwide interest. ... I was able to report the discovery because of my father’s encouragement and the enquiring approach fostered by my science teachers. Tina Negus saw the frond before I did but no one took her seriously."

[13] Leicester City Council {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715074254/http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/leicester-city-museums/museums/nwm-art-gallery/ancientegypt/%7Cdate=15 July 2014}}

[14] {{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-29475742%7Ctitle=Leicester New Walk Museum exhibits German Expressionist art|author=|date=3 October 2014|work=BBC|accessdate=5 April 2016}}

[15] Lewis, Caroline. "Attenborough donates Picasso ceramics collection to Leicester New Walk Museum", Culture24, 7 June 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2009.

[16] "New art exhibition highlights the contrasts between war and peace", Leicester City Council, 23 March 2011.

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