User:Ｍayawtowid/阿美族的母系社會

阿美族的母系社會是一个

從稱謂看阿美族的母系社會

一般來說「稱謂」代表一個人的身份地位、社會階級、職業，男 女之別。在傳統社會裡稱謂是一種很重要的社會規範，在没有法律之 前用來維持社會和諧、家庭和睦、人際關係順暢的重要依據。

阿美族的家庭制度更是重視稱謂，而且善用稱謂，這也是一個沒 有文字記載，也沒有成文法律的民族能夠維持數千年的民族發展。現 在就以家庭制度常用的稱謂來說明阿美族母系社會的特徵。 台東馬蘭地區祖父母都稱 fofo，父親 wama，母親 Ina，比自己年 長的叫 kaka，比自己年小的叫 safa，要分男女的時候， kaka a fainyan(比自己年長的男性)哥哥，姊姊就叫 kaka a fafahiyan(女)，弟 弟也是如此造句。

fofo 一詞，在鄰近的卑南族、排灣族通用，所以這詞是不是受到 1 人和文化交流而相互借用就不得而知。fofo 一詞又指稱孫子(男女)， 也是一樣三族通用。到了海岸阿美語，除了祖父母，孫子之外，其他 稱謂大致上相同。

海岸阿美祖父(無稱謂)，祖母 mamu。早期海岸阿美，從花蓮的 公路只到豐濱，從台東只通到靜浦。那時候的石子路不管從台東或從 花蓮都要兩個多小時才到達海岸線的中心點新港(現在的成功鎮)， 因此海岸線是外來文明最晚到達的地方，也因此仍然保留了傳統阿美 族的古語。

男性入贅同妻子的家人居住一屋，他最大的功能就是 misaparod (起灶)，也就是他如果能做到妻子家裡產業發達，人丁興旺，他就 是好女婿，受到家人、部落族人的敬仰。但是，在妻家仍然沒有地位， 因此，没有任何稱謂，年青時尚可稱他 kadafo(女婿)，但是，到了 年老就很難再開口叫他 kadafo。阿美族人的 kadafo 其延外之意是少 說話多做事。

阿美族人喜歡在晚飯後一家人坐在庭院聊天，小孩子玩遊戲，老 人家講故事。此時 kadafo 跟家人會保持一段距離，如果地方小就會往 後一個位置坐，如果要叫坐在角落的男人(kadafo)，沒有稱謂，只能 喊「喂!」，那位某某小孩的爸爸。等到漢文化進來之後，才借用 akong(阿公)的稱謂，才有了屬於自己的專用稱謂。

Understanding the Matrilineal Society of the Amis through Titles

Generally "titles" represent a person's identity, social status, occupation, and gender. In traditional societies, titles were a crucial social norm used to maintain social harmony, family cohesion, and smooth interpersonal relationships before the advent of formal laws. The family system of the Amis people places great emphasis on titles and makes effective use of them. This is one of the reasons why a culture without written records or formal laws has been able to sustain its development for thousands of years. Now, let's use the commonly used titles in the family system to illustrate the characteristics of the matrilineal society of the Amis people.

In the Malan area of Taitung County, grandparents are called "fofo" father is "wama," and mother is "Ina." An elder person is called "kaka" and a younger person is called "safa". To distinguish gender, an elder male is called "kaka a fainyan" (elder brother), and an elder female is called "kaka a fafahiyan" (elder sister). The same structure is used for younger .

The term "fofo" is commonly used among the neighboring Puyuma and Paiwan tribes. It is unclear whether this term was mutually borrowed due to human and cultural exchanges. The term "fofo" also refers to grandchildren (both male and female) and is similarly used by all three tribes. In the coastal Amis language, apart from grandparents and grandchildren, other titles are generally the same. In the Coastal Amis language, there is no specific title for grandfather, while grandmother is called "mamu" In the past, the coastal Amis region could only be accessed by road from Hualien to Fengbin and from Taitung to Jingpu. Back then, it took over two hours on gravel roads from either Taitung or Hualien to reach the central point of the coastline, Hsin Kang (present-day Chenkong Township). As a result, the coastline was the last area to be reached by outside civilizations, thus preserving the traditional ancient language of the Amis people. When a man marries into his wife's family and lives with them, his primary role is "misaparod" (starting the hearth). If he can contribute to the prosperity of his wife's family's estate and ensure a flourishing household, he is considered a good son-in-law and is respected by the family and the tribe. However, he still holds no significant status within his wife's family and therefore has no specific title. While he is young, he may be called 2 "kadafo" (son-in-law), but it becomes difficult to continue calling him "kadafo" as he grows older. The term "kadafo" in the Amis culture implies that he should speak little and work hard.

The Amis people enjoy sitting in the courtyard after dinner, chatting as a family, with children playing games and the elders telling stories. During these times, the "kadafo" (son-in-law) would keep some distance from the family. If the space is small, he would sit a bit further back. If someone needed to call the man sitting in the corner ("kadafo"), there was no specific title, so they would just shout, "Hey!" followed by identifying him as the father of a particular child. It was only after the introduction of Han culture that they borrowed the term "akong" (grandfather), giving the "kadafo" a specific title of his own.

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