SL-1
外观
SL-1(英語:Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One,中文翻译为固定低功率反应堆1号),是美军的实验性核动力反应堆,1961年1月3日经历了蒸汽爆炸和堆芯熔毀,造成3名操作人员死亡,反應堆容器插頭(reactor vessel plug)將其中一個釘在天花板上[1][2][3][4]。直接原因是负责吸收中子的控制棒在设计不佳的堆芯中不当撤出。它仍然是美国唯一一起造成立即死亡的反應爐事故[5]。
事故發生時,堆芯功率水平在短短4毫秒內達到近20 GW,引發爆炸[6][7][8]。这次事故释放了大约80居里的碘-131,大约1100居里的裂变产物被释放到了大气中。
该设施位于国家反应堆试验站靠近西爱达荷州40公里偏远沙漠地区,作为陆军核电计划的一部分,是已知的在设计和建设阶段的阿尔贡低功率反应堆(ALPR),旨在为远程军事设施提供小型电力和热能,如靠近北极圈的雷达站和远距离预警线。设计功率为3MW热能。操作功率为200KW电力和400KW热能的局部暖气。
參考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 3 die in reactor blast. Spokane Daily Chronicle ((Washington)). Associated Press. January 4, 1961: 1 [2023-12-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-20).
- ^ Hale, Steve. 3 killed in severe blast at Idaho A-reactor site. Deseret News ((Salt Lake City, Utah)). January 4, 1961: A1 [2023-12-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-20).
- ^ Reactor blast kills three, pours out radiation. Lewiston Morning Tribune ((Idaho)). Associated Press. January 5, 1961: 1 [2023-12-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-20).
- ^ 3 technicians die in reactor blast. Spokesman-Review ((Spokane, Washington)). Associated Press. January 5, 1961: 2 [2023-12-08]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-20).
- ^ Stacy, Susan M. Chapter 16: The Aftermath (PDF). Proving the Principle: A History of The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 1949–1999. U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho Operations Office. 2000: 150–57 [2015-09-08]. ISBN 0-16-059185-6. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2016-12-29).
- ^ Steve Wander (编). Supercritical (PDF). System Failure Case Studies (NASA). February 2007, 1 (4) [2007-10-05]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2007-11-27).
- ^ LA-3611 A Review of Criticality Accidents (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), William R. Stratton, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1967
- ^ LA-13638 A Review of Criticality Accidents (2000 Revision) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Thomas P. McLaughlin, et al., Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2000.
外部連結
[编辑]- INEEL Publication "Proving the Principle"
- Chapter 15 "The SL-1 Reactor" 9.5 MB PDF
- Chapter 16 "The Aftermath" 4.3 MB PDF
- US Department of Energy Idaho Freedom of Information Act request archives, including eight documents on the SL-1 accident.