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Help:撒丁语国际音标

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维基百科，自由的百科全书
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下列图表展示了在维基百科条目中用國際音標（IPA）表示薩丁尼亞語发音的方式。对于有关在维基百科条目中添加IPA字符的指南，请参见{{IPA-sc}}与Wikipedia:格式手册/音标 § Notes。

请参阅撒丁语音系（英语：Sardinian phonology）以更全面地了解撒丁语的发音。

辅音
IPA 示例 英语中的相同或近似发音
b baca, bia, bàbaru bike
β abauditu, ebreu, nebodaza[1] 介于 baby 和 bevy 之间
d dormi, sardu, doadura, (洛古多罗方言) andalibeni done
dz acasazare, pranzu, cazare 介于 buds 和 budge 之间
dʒ gioba, Barbagia, culingiosso, panagèlicu budge
ɖ abbaraddadu, mundu, cherveddu [keɾˈveɖːu]ⓘ[2] dine (印度英语)
ð abbacada, cantat [ˈkantaða], a therga[1] this
f foras, ufanu fast
ɡ gabbia, gherra, ghia, sangrau, fogu gas
ɣ buttega, sa gherra, arcu ’e chelu[1] 略像 go
k corsía, àlpaca, chelu, cuadra, bruke, piachente[3] scar
l levantinu, abbalaucadu[2] lip
ʎ brigliaju, origlietas, bragliosu, contissigliu[2] 略像 million
m meledada, mamudinu, acampàda[2][4] mother
ɱ cunforma[4] some
n nebodaza, energía[2] nest
ŋ síncheru, abbiènghidu[4] sing
ɲ apitzigàgnulu, gnagnajolu[2] 略像 canyon
ɳ afandare, mundu 略像 corndog
p pabasolu, písiri, splajare, ’alvispaltu spin
ɾ carena, dijimire atom (美国英语)
r rasada, ferrutzos 颤音r
s secada, stantes, dilmissu 介于 sip 和 ship 之间
ʃ scelestu, lescenscia, balascios, isciri ship
t taneddu, àteu star
ts (洛古多罗方言) tzacare, tzarra, catzare, Tzitzeddu, (坎皮达诺方言) tzaccau, tzitadi 介于 cats 和 catch 之间
tʃ ciabbata, cedda, cibbu, ciacosu, celibbadu catch
θ althrolitu, furrithu, tharalau, atheddina, istathu thin
v vacada, servu, jurafalzu, sa faína vent
z casara, ixemplu, stantes [ˈstantɛzɛ], su sole 介于 zone 和 genre 之间
ʒ (洛古多罗方言) abbajocada, ajozi, conjugadu, ojos, (坎皮达诺方言) paxi, axedu, dexi genre
ʔ[5] pacu, connòschere, sa pache, sa luna getting (考克尼口音)
元音
IPA 示例 英语中的相同或近似发音
a Arba, areddare, àteru, proiàt 略像 father
e meri, panagèlicu, ghèneru[6] 略像 pay
ɛ xena, lèghere, isdentadu bed
i filu, síncheru, paxi, ixemplu see
o ogru, còtzula, abbaosu[6] law (英國英語)
ɔ connòschere, ogros, cando off
u domu, úrtima too
 
半元音
j eja, (洛古多罗方言) gioja,[7] calzulaieddu,[8] (坎皮达诺方言) Sardinnia[9] you
 
超音段音位
IPA 示例 解释
ˈ cantat [ˈkantaða] 主重音
ˌ propiamente [ˌpɾopi.aˈmɛntɛ] 次重音
. via [ˈvi.a] 音节中断
ː fillu [ˈfilːu] 延长辅音[2]

注释

[编辑]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Phonemic /b/, /d/, /ɡ/ between vowels are usually realized as [β], [ð], [ɣ], and sometimes even omitted. Omission does not normally occur when those are the realizations for phonemic /p/, /t/, /θ/, /k/.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Gemination, here represented by ⟨ː⟩, is only distinctive for the pairs /l, lː/, /m, mː/ and /n, nː/, and and only occurs after a vowel, where it also occurs for [ɖː], [ʎː] and [ɲː] (the latter two being common realizations of /lːj/ and /nːj/, respectively).
  3. ^ Usually, /k/ is written down following either the Italian style (by using ⟨ch⟩ before e and i: e.g. anchilla, chelu, chena, chi, etc.), the Byzantine style (by using ⟨k⟩: e.g. ankilla, kelu, kena, ki, etc.) or (now rare) the Spanish style (by using ⟨qu⟩ before e and i: e.g. anquilla, quelu, quena, qui, etc.)
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Nasal consonants always assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Thus, the n in /nɡ/~/nk/ is velar [ŋ], but before /v/ or /f/, it is labiodental [ɱ]. It is [m] only before /p/, /b/ or /m/ and [ɳ] before /ɖ/.
  5. ^ Glottal stops usually occur for intervocalic /k/ in some dialects of Barbagia, and for intervocalic /l/ and /n/ in some dialects of Sarrabus.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ are realized as [e] and [o], respectively, if the following syllable contains /i/, /u/, a palatal, or another occurrence of [e] or [o]. This is not the case if [i] results from a phonemic /ɛ/.
  7. ^ One of the cases in which the grapheme ⟨j⟩ does not represent the sound [ʒ].
  8. ^ A rare case, using the grapheme ⟨i⟩, normally representing a full vowel /i/.
  9. ^ Phonetically transcribed as [saɾˈdinːja], as opposed to Sardigna in 洛古多罗方言, transcribed as [saɾˈdiɲːa]. In Campidanese this semivowel is more usual.

更多阅读

[编辑]
  • Wagner, Max Leopold. Dizionario Etimologico Sardo. Trois. 1989 [1957] （意大利语）. 
  • Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo. ELLO ELLUS, grammatica della lingua sarda. Nuoro (Sardinia): Poliedro Edizioni. 1994 （意大利语）. 
  • Blasco Ferrer, Eduardo. Sardo e italiano a confronto. CUEC. 2007. 
  • Mura, Riccardo; Virdis, Maurizio. Caratteri e strutture fonetiche, fonologiche e prosodiche della lingua sarda. Il sintetizzatore vocale SINTESA. Condaghes. 2015 （意大利语）. 
  • Puddu, Mario. Ditzionàriu de sa limba e de sa cultura sarda. Condaghes. 2015 [2000] （萨丁语）. 
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