費來尼斯
外观
費來尼斯(古希臘語:Φιλαινίς)是古希臘的性愛典籍作者名,相傳出身萨摩斯岛。古典時代在她名下的性愛書流傳於希臘、羅馬世界,對詩人、作家影響頗深(尤其包括情詩作家奧維德[1]、短詩家馬提亞爾[2]),然而現代已經散佚,僅存殘篇。現代學者多認爲這些書籍並非出自一人之手,而是本來流傳於民間的性愛書,作者附會費來尼斯之名[3]。
在俄克喜林庫斯出土紙草中,有三篇署名「費來尼斯」,公開於1972年[4]。
生平
[编辑]根據俄克喜林庫斯紙草記載,費來尼斯的全名是「俄庫墨涅斯之女,薩摩斯的費來尼斯」[4];然而阿特納奧斯則記載她的出身地是琉卡斯島(今萊夫卡扎)[5]。其母名一說爲「古利那」[6]。古代薩摩斯島以名妓衆多聞名[7],因故有學者認爲「費來尼斯」一名應是娼妓花名[6];然而亦有意見認爲古代沒有「費來尼斯是妓女」的說法[3]。
古代關於費來尼斯的生平記載多強調她的風流韻事。基督教父游斯丁、他提安、革利免均批判她「姦淫污穢」,認爲她的書籍荼毒少年少女[3],近代作家約翰·多恩等亦以此形象刻畫費來尼斯其人[8]。據託名琉善的僞作《愛情篇》(Ἔρωτες)記載,費來尼斯以穿戴陽具帶與女性的性愛聞名[9],在馬提亞爾的詩中也有費來尼斯的同性性愛記載,乃至描畫她以陽具帶對少年性交[10]。
引用
[编辑]- ^ Ostler 2007,第75頁.
- ^ Penrose 2016,第64頁.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Boehringer 2014.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 P. Oxy. 2891.
- ^ Tsantsanogolou 1973,第191頁.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Plant 2004,第45頁.
- ^ Traill 2008,第86頁.
- ^ Andreadis 2001,第47頁.
- ^ (Pseudo-)Lucian, Amores, 28.
- ^ Martial, 7.67.1.
參考文獻
[编辑]- Andreadis, Harriette, Sappho in Early Modern England: Female Same-Sex Literary Erotics, 1550-1714, Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-226-02009-9
- Boehringer, Sandra, What is Named by the Name "Philaenis"? Gender, function and authority of an antonomastic figure, Masterson, Mark; Nancy Sorkin, Rabinowitz; Robson, James (编), Sex in Antiquity: Exploring Gender and Sexuality in the Ancient World, Rewriting Antiquity, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 2014, ISBN 978-0415519410
- Hallett, Judith P., Ten: Female Homosexualities, Hallett, Judith P.; Skinner, Marilyn B. (编), Roman Sexualities, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-0-691-01178-3
- McKeown, J. C., A Cabinet of Greek Curiosities: Strange Tales and Surprising Facts from the Cradle of Western Civilization, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press: 40, 2013, ISBN 978-0-19-998210-3
- Montserrat, Dominic, Sex and Society in Græco-Roman Egypt, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, 2011 [1963], ISBN 978-0-7103-0530-5
- Ostler, Nicholas, Ad Infinitum: A Biography of Latin, New York City, New York: Walker & Company, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8027-1515-9
- Penrose, Walter Duvall, Postcolonial Amazons: Female Masculinity and Courage in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit Literature, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-0-19-953337-4
- Perrottet, Tony, Pagan Holiday: On the Trail of Ancient Roman Tourists, New York City, New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2002, ISBN 978-0-375-75639-9
- Plant, Ian Michael, Women Writers of Ancient Greece and Rome: An Anthology, University of Oklahoma Press: 45–47, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8061-3622-6
- Traill, Ariana, Women and the Comic Plot in Menander, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2008, ISBN 978-0521882262
- Tsantsanoglou, K., The Memoirs of a Lady from Samos, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1973, 12: 183–195, JSTOR 20180553
- Vessey, D. W. Thomson, Philaenis, Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire, 1976, 1: 76–82 [2020-07-16], (原始内容存档于2020-07-17)
- West, M. L., Erinna, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (Bonn, Germany: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH), 1977, 25: 118