沼澤鷂

沼澤鷂
	攝於紐西蘭漢密爾頓動物園
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	鸟纲 Aves
目：	鹰形目 Accipitriformes
科：	鹰科 Accipitridae
属：	鷂屬 Circus
种：	沼澤鷂 C. approximans
二名法
	Circus approximans; Peale（英语：Titian Peale）, 1849

沼澤鷂（學名：Circus approximans，毛利語：kāhu），又稱澳大拉西亞沼澤鷂、澳大拉西亞鷂或沼澤鷹，是鷹形目鷹科鷂屬的一種大型、苗條的猛禽。^[2]主要以各種哺乳動物、鳥類或蛋、兩棲或爬蟲等各種動物為食。^[3]目前其族群趨勢被評為無危。^[1]^[4]

這個物種廣泛分佈於澳洲、紐西蘭及大洋洲和西南太平洋地區的許多島嶼上，通常棲息於濕地和水分充足的開闊地帶。^[1]沼澤鷂自化石證據證明其原本並不在當地活動，而是直到第一批玻里尼西亞人移入（早於1280年）並開發當地森林的1320—1350年時，這種鳥類才開始於該地定居。^[5]^[6]^[7]

該物種的正式命名者美國冒險家蒂希安·皮爾（英语：Titian Peale），他於1848或1849年完整描述了這種猛禽。^[8]^[3]其模式產地位於斐濟的瓦努阿島，沒有亞種變化。^[2]^[3]屬名Circus來自希臘語dendron，這名稱原指稱一種神話中的鷹，後被認為其原型為白尾鹞（該詞原意為「圓圈」，指其盤旋的樣子）。^[9]^:133而種小名approximans則為拉丁語的「接近、靠近」之意。^[9]^:51

在外觀上，沼澤鷂的顏色會像是深色版本的西方澤鵟，而雌性的羽毛顏色比雄性更深，腹部則呈紅褐色。^[3]其體重平均約746.2公克，鳥喙寬平均約11.9公釐、深平均約16.4公釐、嘴峰長平均約39.5公釐；翼長約406.9公釐；跗蹠約89.3公釐；尾長約233.2公釐。^[10]

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 BirdLife International. Circus approximans (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22695363A111781121. [2023-10-05]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22695363A111781121.en .
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. 2023 [2023-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-09）（英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994: 138 [2023-10-05]. ISBN 978-84-87334-15-3 （英语）.
^ Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J.; Blanvillain, C. Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.
^ Worthy, Trevor H.; Holdaway, Richard N. The lost world of the moa : prehistoric life of New Zealand. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-253-34034-9. OCLC 46634728 （英语）.
^ Walter, Richard; Buckley, Hallie; Jacomb, Chris; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth. Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand. Journal of World Prehistory. 2017-12, 30 (4): 351–376 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y . （原始内容存档于2023-07-12）（英语）.
^ Jacomb, Chris; Holdaway, Richard N.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Bunce, Michael; Oskam, Charlotte L.; Walter, Richard; Brooks, Emma. High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014-10, 50: 24–30 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.023 （英语）.
^ Dougal, William H.; Stuart, Fred D.; Wilkes, Charles; Congress, Library of; States, United. United States Exploring Expedition , 编. United States Exploring Expedition. During the year 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. C. Sherman. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英语）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 （英语）.
^ Tobias, Joseph A.; Sheard, Catherine; Pigot, Alex L.; Devenish, Adam J. M.; Yang, Jingyi; et al. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. 2022-03, 25 (3): 581—597 [2023-07-22]. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）（英语）.

外部連結

维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：沼澤鷂
維基物種上的相關信息：沼澤鷂
Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust的介紹（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[IUCN-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 BirdLife International. Circus approximans (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22695363A111781121. [2023-10-05]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22695363A111781121.en .

[IOC13.2-2] 2.0 ^2.1 International Ornithologists' Union. Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. , 编. IOC World Bird List 13.2. 2023 [2023-09-06]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-09）（英语）.

[handbook2-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (编). Handbook of the birds of the world 2. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. 1994: 138 [2023-10-05]. ISBN 978-84-87334-15-3 （英语）.

[datazone-4] Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J.; Blanvillain, C. Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) - BirdLife species factsheet. BirdLife Data Zone. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2023-09-27）（英语）.

[Worthy-5] Worthy, Trevor H.; Holdaway, Richard N. The lost world of the moa : prehistoric life of New Zealand. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 2002. ISBN 0-253-34034-9. OCLC 46634728 （英语）.

[Walter-6] Walter, Richard; Buckley, Hallie; Jacomb, Chris; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth. Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand. Journal of World Prehistory. 2017-12, 30 (4): 351–376 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y . （原始内容存档于2023-07-12）（英语）.

[Jacomb-7] Jacomb, Chris; Holdaway, Richard N.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Bunce, Michael; Oskam, Charlotte L.; Walter, Richard; Brooks, Emma. High-precision dating and ancient DNA profiling of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) eggshell documents a complex feature at Wairau Bar and refines the chronology of New Zealand settlement by Polynesians. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2014-10, 50: 24–30 [2023-10-05]. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.023 （英语）.

[Dougal-8] Dougal, William H.; Stuart, Fred D.; Wilkes, Charles; Congress, Library of; States, United. United States Exploring Expedition , 编. United States Exploring Expedition. During the year 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. C. Sherman. [2023-10-05]. （原始内容存档于2022-06-16）（英语）.

[Jobling-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Jobling, James A. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. 2010. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 （英语）.

[Tobias-10] Tobias, Joseph A.; Sheard, Catherine; Pigot, Alex L.; Devenish, Adam J. M.; Yang, Jingyi; et al. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. 2022-03, 25 (3): 581—597 [2023-07-22]. doi:10.1111/ele.13898. （原始内容存档于2023-02-03）（英语）.

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