杓兰属
杓兰属
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| 皇后杓兰 （Cypripedium reginae） | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 天門冬目 Asparagales |
| 科： | 蘭科 Orchidaceae |
| 亚科： | 杓兰亚科 Cypripedioideae |
| 族： | 杓兰族 Cypripedieae |
| 亚族： | 杓兰亚族 Cypripediinae |
| 属： | 杓兰属 Cypripedium L.，1753 |
| 模式種 | |
| 杓兰 Cypripedium calceolus L., 1753
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| 異名 | |
杓兰属（学名：Cypripedium）是兰科的一属，是一类地生草本植物。茎直立，叶片通常椭圆形至卵形，有时有黑紫色斑点。花序顶生，通常具单花或少数具2-3花；花苞片通常叶状；花朵较大；唇瓣为深囊状，球形、椭圆形或其他形状，一般有宽阔的囊口；有2枚侧生的能育雄蕊、1枚位于上方的退化雄蕊和1个位于下方的柱头；花药2室，花丝很短；退化雄蕊通常为扁平状；柱头肥厚，表面有乳突。果实为蒴果。全属约50种，主要产于东亚、北美、欧洲等温带地区和亚热带山地。大部分可作观赏植物[1]。
下属物种
[编辑]本属包括以下物种：
- Cypripedium acaule – Mocassin flower, Pink lady's slipper, Two-leaved lady's slipper (C. and E. Canada, NC & E USA)
- Cypripedium arietinum – Ram's-head lady's slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- 无苞杓兰 Cypripedium bardolphianum – (中国)
- 杓兰 Cypripedium calceolus – Yellow lady's slipper (欧洲至日本)
- Cypripedium calcicolum – (中国)
- Cypripedium californicum – California lady's slipper (Oregon, N. California)
- Cypripedium candidum – Small white lady slipper (SE Canada, NC & E USA)
- 白唇杓兰 Cypripedium cordigerum – Heart-Lip lady's slipper (N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet)
- Cypripedium daweishanense (S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu) S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu (2005) – (Yunnan, China South-Central)
- 对叶杓兰 Cypripedium debile – Frail lady's slipper (Japan, Taiwan, China)
- Cypripedium dickinsonianum – (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala)
- 雅致杓兰 Cypripedium elegans – (尼泊尔东部至中国)
- 毛瓣杓兰 Cypripedium fargesii – (中国)
- 华西杓兰 Cypripedium farreri – (中国)
- Cypripedium fasciculatum – Brownie lady's slipper, Clustered lady's slipper (美国西部)
- 大叶杓兰 Cypripedium fasciolatum (中国)
- 黄花杓兰 Cypripedium flavum – Yellow lady's slipper (SE Tibet, SC China)
- 台灣杓蘭 Cypripedium formosanum – Formosa lady's slipper (C 台湾)
- 玉龙杓兰 Cypripedium forrestii – (中国)
- 毛杓兰 Cypripedium franchetii – Franchet's lady's slipper (C & SC China)
- Cypripedium froschii – (中国)
- 紫点杓兰 Cypripedium guttatum – Spotted lady's slipper (European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon)
- 绿花杓兰 Cypripedium henryi – Henry's lady's slipper (C China)
- Cypripedium x herae – (C.parviflorum x C.reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
- 高山杓兰 Cypripedium himalaicum – (SE Tibet to Himalaya)
- Cypripedium irapeanum – Pelican Orchid, Irapeao lady's slipper (Mexico to Honduras)
- 扇脉杓兰 Cypripedium japonicum – Japan lady's slipper (China, Korea, Japan)
- 肯塔基杓兰 Cypripedium kentuckiense – Kentucky lady's slipper, Southern lady's slipper (C & E USA)
- Cypripedium lentiginosum – (中国)
- 丽江杓兰 Cypripedium lichiangense S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb – (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar)
- 波密杓兰 Cypripedium ludlowii – (西藏东南部)
- 大花杓兰 Cypripedium macranthos – Large-flowered lady's slipper (E Belarus to temperate E Asia)
- Cypripedium malipoense S.C.Chen & Z.J.Liu – (云南,华南)
- 斑叶杓兰 Cypripedium margaritaceum – Pearl-white lady's slipper (China)
- 小花杓兰 Cypripedium micranthum – (中国)
- Cypripedium molle – (Mexico)
- Cypripedium montanum – Large lady's slipper, Mountain lady's slipper, White lady's slipper, Moccasin flower (Alaska to California)
- 巴郎山杓兰 Cypripedium palangshanense – (中国)
- Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. – (Greater) yellow lady's slipper, moccasin flower, or hairy yellow ladyslipper (Canada, E USA)
- Cypripedium passerinum – Franklyn's lady's slipper, small white Northern lady's slipper, sparrow's egg lady's slipper (Alaska to Canada, Montana)
- 离萼杓兰 Cypripedium plectrochilum – (N Myanmar to SC China)
- 皇后杓蘭 Cypripedium reginae Walter – Large white lady's slipper, Queen's lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper (C & E Canada, E. USA)
- 宝岛杓兰 Cypripedium segawai – (EC Taiwan)
- 山西杓兰 Cypripedium shanxiense – (中国到日本北部)
- 四川杓兰 Cypripedium sichuanense – (中国)
- 暖地杓兰 Cypripedium subtropicum – (西藏东南部)
- Cypripedium taibaiense – (中国)
- 西藏杓兰 Cypripedium tibeticum – (Sikkim to C China)
- 宽口杓兰 Cypripedium wardii Rolfe, 1913 – (中国西藏东南部)
- 乌蒙杓兰 Cypripedium wumengense S.C.Chen, 1985 – (中国)
- Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino, 1899 – (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska)
- 云南杓兰 Cypripedium yunnanense – (中国西藏东南部)
- 杂交种：
- Cypripedium × alaskanum – (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska)
- Cypripedium × andrewsii – (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE USA)
- Cypripedium × catherinae – (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East)
- Cypripedium × columbianum – (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW USA)
- Cypripedium × fred-mulleri Szlach., Kolan. & Górniak[2]
- Cypripedium × ventricosum – (俄罗斯到朝鲜)
- Cypripedium × wenqingiae – (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China)
- 栽培种：
- '白多花'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Multiflower white'
- '黄多花'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Multiflower Yellow'
- '帕尔维'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Parville'
- '普韦布洛'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Pueblo'
- '白花'皇后杓兰 Cypripedium reginae 'Album'
- '沃尔特'黄花杓兰 Cypripedium reginae 'Walter'
- '萨宾'杓兰 Cypripedium 'Sabine'
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ 中国植物物种数据信息库
- ^ Dariusz L. Szlachetko, Marta Kolanowska, Fred Muller, Jay Vannini, Joanna Rojek and Marcin Górniak. 2017. First Guatemalan Record of Natural Hybridisation between Neotropical Species of the Lady’s Slipper Orchid (Orchidaceae, Cypripedioideae). PeerJ. 5:e4162. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4162
外部链接
[编辑]
- Cypripedium - Infos by Mr. Frosch （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Photos of Chinese Slipper Orchids （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
- Cypripedium japonicum （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Cypripedium macranthum var. hotei-atsumorianum （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Images of Japanese Cypripedium
- Cypripedium picture database