| 術語或短語
|
英語翻譯
|
中文翻譯
|
| a fortiori
|
"much more so"; from the stronger case; with stronger reason; with greater force
|
何況；更不用說；更加；更有理由[註 1]
|
| a posteriori
|
"from what comes after"; inductive reasoning
|
憑經驗的；推溯；歸納；由果溯因
|
| a priori
|
"from what comes before"; deductive reasoning
|
先驗的；推理；演繹；由因及果
|
| a quo
|
"from which"
|
來自；由此
|
| ab initio
|
"from the beginning"
|
一開始；從一開始；由最初開始；自始
|
| actus reus
|
"guilty act"
|
犯罪行為
|
| ad hoc
|
"for this purpose"
|
特設；專責
|
| ad idem
|
"of the same thing or result"; of the same mind; essentially the same
|
一致；同心；意見相同
|
| ad infinitum
|
"without limit"
|
永遠；無限
|
| ad litem
|
"for the suit"
|
為了訴訟的目的
|
| ad valorem
|
"according to value"
|
從價
|
| allocatur
|
"it is allowed"
|
訟費評定證明書
|
| alter ego
|
"other self"
|
藉法人假借的身分
|
| amicus curiae
|
"friend of the court"
|
法庭之友〔不屬訴訟一方而主動或應法庭邀請就案件提供意見或協助的人〕
|
| animus possidendi
|
"intention to possess a thing"
|
管有意圖；擁有某物的意圖
|
| animus testandi
|
"intention to make a testament or will"
|
訂立遺囑的意圖
|
| bona vacantia
|
"goods that belong to no one"
|
無主財物
|
| casus belli
|
"case belligerent"
|
宣戰原因；足以引起戰爭的挑釁；開戰理由
|
| caveat emptor
|
"let the buyer beware"
|
買者自慎
|
| certiorari
|
"to be apprised"
|
移審令；移審令狀；移審撤銷令
|
| Cessante ratione legis cessat et ipsa lex.
|
When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself also ceases.
|
法律本身隨法理消失而告終
|
| compos mentis
|
"master of one's mind"; full possession of mental powers
|
精神健全
|
| consensus ad idem
|
"a meeting of minds"
|
意見一致；達成協議
|
| contra proferentem
|
"the words of a contract are to be taken most strongly against the person who proposes it"; in full verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem
|
解釋合約條文時應以不利於條文提出者的解釋為準（的原則）
|
| coram non judice
|
"not before a judge"; or before a judge not authorised to take cognizance
|
不在法官席前；在無審判權的法官席前
|
| corpus delicti
|
"the body of a crime"
|
犯罪事實；犯罪遺體；罪體
|
| corpus juris
|
"the body of law"; the law as the sum of laws
|
法令大全；法典
|
| crimen falsi
|
"the crimes of falsifying"; dishonesty, fraud, corruption, perjury, forgery, etc; also falsi crimen
|
與偽造、欺詐、貪污、作偽證等有關的罪行
|
| curia advisari vult; cur. adv. vult
|
"the court will advise"; the court will consider
|
容後判決
|
| trespass de bonis asportatis
|
"trespass for carrying goods away"; trespass to goods
|
侵害動產行為；侵物行為
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| de bonis non administratis; d.b.n.
|
"(of) the goods not administered"
|
待管遺產；未作管理的遺產；未分配的遺產
|
| de facto
|
"of fact"; in fact
|
事實上；事實；實際上
|
| de jure
|
"of law"; according to law
|
法律上；法律；按照法律的
|
| De minimis non curat lex.
|
The law does not take account of trifles.
|
法律不問瑣事
|
| de minimis principle
|
|
「法律不問瑣事」的原則
|
| de novo
|
"anew"
|
更始；重新
|
| Deorum injuriae diis curae.
|
"The gods take care of injuries to the gods."
|
得罪神者，神將自罰之〔刑法上的褻瀆罪屬侵害公眾的罪行，而非侵害神明的罪行〕
|
| dictum
|
"a saying"
|
法官的意見
|
| doli incapax
|
"incapable of guilt"
|
無犯罪能力；無能力犯罪
|
| donatio mortis causa
|
"gift in contemplation of death"; also gift mortis causa
|
臨終贈予；臨終贈與；臨終遺贈；預期死亡而作出的贈與
|
| duces tecum
|
"bring with you"
|
着令攜帶文件出庭
|
| ejusdem generis
|
"as of the same kind"
|
同類；同類原則
|
| et sequentes; et seq.
|
"and those which follow"
|
以及下列各項；以及其後的；及以下的
|
| ex aequo et bono
|
of equity and the good
|
公平善意原則
|
| ex ante
|
"from before"; based on assumption and prediction
|
事前；預期
|
| ex cathedra
|
"from the chair"; with authority
|
來自權威方面
|
| ex delicto
|
"from a tort"; offence against the law; in tort
|
在侵權法上；由於侵權而引起的（訴訟）
|
| ex facie
|
"from the face"; in view of what is apparent
|
形式上；從表面看
|
| ex gratia
|
"out of grace"; as a favour; not by legal necessity
|
特惠
|
| ex officio
|
"by virtue of one's office"
|
當然；依職權
|
| ex parte
|
"from a party"; from or on behalf of only one side to a law suit
|
單方面
|
| ex post
|
"from after"; based on knowledge and facts
|
具追溯力的；根據過去
|
| ex post facto
|
"form what is done afterward"; after the fact
|
事後；事後的
|
| ex proprio motu
|
"of his own motion"
|
出於自願的；自動作出的；主動作出
|
| exempli gratia; e.g.
|
"for the sake of example"; as an example
|
例如
|
| extant
|
"existing"
|
現存；維持
|
| factum
|
"a fact"; a thing done
|
已發生的事；既成之事
|
| felo de se
|
"felon of himself"; suicide
|
自殺
|
| fiat
|
"let it be done"
|
指令；准照
|
| fieri facias
|
"may you cause to be done"
|
財物扣押
|
| writ of fieri facias
|
"may you cause to be done"
|
扣押債務人財產令狀；財物扣押令
|
| forum non conveniens
|
"an inappropriate forum"
|
不便審理的法院；不便訴訟地
|
| functus officio
|
"having performed his/her office"
|
職份已完；權責終結
|
| gravamen of the offence
|
|
罪行重點
|
| guardian ad litem
|
|
訴訟監護人；辯護監護人
|
| writ of habeas corpus
|
"may you have the body"
|
人身保護令；人身保護令狀
|
| hostis humani generis
|
"enemy of the human race"
|
人類公敵
|
| in absentia
|
"being absent from"
|
缺席
|
| in camera
|
"in a chamber"
|
以非公開形式；在法官私室（審議）；閉門
|
| in curia
|
within or of the court; in open court
|
在法庭內
|
| in esse
|
"in being"; in actual existence
|
確實存在的
|
| in extenso
|
"in full"; at length; unabridged
|
全文；未經刪減；詳盡
|
| in forma pauperis
|
"in the form of a poor person"; not liable for court costs
|
以貧窮者身分免付訟費
|
| in futuro
|
"in the future"
|
將來的
|
| in limine
|
"on the threshold"
|
最初；開始
|
| in loco parentis
|
"in the place of a parent"
|
代替父母地位；身居父母地位
|
| in pari delicto
|
"in equal fault"
|
同樣有錯；皆有過失
|
| In pari delicto melior est conditio possidentis.
|
When both parties are equally at fault, the position of the possessor is the better.
|
在雙方皆有過失的情況下管有者佔優勢
|
| In pari delicto potior est conditio defendentis.
|
In a case of equal or mutual fault the defending party is in the better position.
|
在雙方皆有過失的情況下被告人佔優勢
|
| in pari materia
|
"upon an analogous matter or subject"
|
在類似情況下；關於同一事宜
|
| in personam
|
"against a person"
|
對人
|
| in propria persona
|
"in one's own person"
|
無律師代表；親自（出庭）
|
| in re
|
"in the matter of"; regarding
|
有關……事宜；關於……事
|
| in rem
|
"against a thing"
|
對物
|
| in situ
|
"in place"; back in place
|
原址；在原處；就地
|
| in terrorem
|
"in order to frighten"
|
威嚇性的；警告性的
|
| in toto
|
"entirely; completely; wholly"
|
整個；全部；完全
|
| indicia
|
"indications"
|
標誌；記號；證明；象徵
|
| infra
|
"below"
|
以下；在下面的
|
| injuria absque damno
|
"injury without damage"; also injuria sine damno
|
沒有造成損害的法律過失〔不產生賠償權〕
|
| injuria sine damno
|
"injury without damage"
|
未造成損害的侵權行為
|
| innuendo
|
"by nodding"; meaning; to wit; that is to say
|
影射；暗指；狀書的註解；譏諷；附註句
|
| inter alia
|
"among other things"
|
其中包括；連同其他事宜
|
| inter se
|
"between or among themselves"
|
相互之間
|
| inter vivos
|
"between living persons"; from one living person to another
|
在世時；生者之間
|
| gift inter vivos
|
"between living persons"; from one living person to another
|
生者之間的贈予
|
| intra vires
|
"within the powers of"
|
在權限以內
|
| ipse dixit
|
"he himself said it"; bare assertion
|
未經證實之言；武斷的話；親口所述的未經證實之言
|
| ipsissima verba
|
"the selfsame words"
|
一如其言；確切原文
|
| ipso facto
|
"by that very fact"; by its very nature; regardless of right or wrong
|
因此事實
|
| entail ipso jure
|
"the law itself"
|
在法律上……導致
|
| jurat
|
"(He) swears"
|
誓章末處
|
| jus
|
"law"; "right"; "justice"
|
權利；法；法則；法律
|
| jus accrescendi
|
right of survivorship
|
尚存者取得權
|
| jus ad bellum
|
right to war
|
戰爭權
|
| jus civile
|
"law of the citizen"; also civil law
|
民事法律；民法；私法
|
| jus cogens
|
"coercive law"
|
強制性法則
|
| jus gentium
|
"the law of nations"; international law
|
國際法；國際法律；國際間的法律
|
| jus in bello
|
"law in war"; law of war
|
戰爭法
|
| jus naturale
|
"the law of nature"; private natural right; natural law
|
自然法則
|
| plea of jus tertii
|
"the right of a third party", plea of the right of a third party
|
第三方權利之訴
|
| lacuna
|
"void"; "gap"
|
法律漏洞；空白；空隙；缺陷；脫漏
|
| lacuna in legislative provisions
|
"void"; "gap"
|
法律條文的空隙
|
| lacuna in the evidence
|
"void"; "gap"
|
證據上的空隙
|
| lex fori
|
"the law of the forum or court"
|
審判地法
|
| lex loci actus
|
"the law of the place where an act is done"
|
行為地法
|
| lex loci celebrationis
|
"the law of the place where a ceremony is performed"
|
儀式舉行地法
|
| lex loci contractus
|
"the law of the place where a contract is made"
|
締約地法
|
| lex loci delictus
|
"the law of the place where the tort was committed"
|
侵權行為發生地法
|
| lex situs
|
"the law of the place where the property is located"; also lex loci rei sitae
|
財產所在地法
|
| lex scripta
|
"written law"
|
成文法
|
| lex non scripta
|
"unwritten law"
|
不成文法
|
| lis pendens
|
"a suit pending in court"; suit pending in court
|
待決案件
|
| locus
|
"place"
|
地點；場所；所在地
|
| locus actus
|
"place of the act"
|
行事之地
|
| locus in quo
|
"the place where sth. is alleged to have occurred"
|
事發地；案發現場
|
| locus poenitentiae
|
"a place of repentance"
|
反悔；改變主意等的機會［如在拍賣中撤回出價、合約義務形成前取消合約、正式達成協議前退出交易等的機會］
|
| locus sigilli; L.S.
|
"the place of the seal"
|
印章位置；蓋印處
|
| locus standi
|
"place of standing"; the right to bring an action or to be heard in a given forum
|
參與……的資格；出庭資格；發言權
|
| mala fide
|
"in bad faith"; also mala fides
|
不真誠；惡意
|
| malum in se
|
"evil in itself"
|
本質上邪惡的
|
| malum prohibitum
|
"wrong merely because it is proscribed"
|
法律禁止的
|
| mandamus
|
"we command"
|
履行義務令；履行職務令；履行責任令
|
| order of mandamus
|
"we command"
|
履行義務令；履行責任令
|
| writ of mandamus
|
"we command"
|
履行義務令狀
|
| mens rea
|
"guilty mind"
|
犯罪意圖；犯罪意念
|
| Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea.
|
An act does not make a person guilty unless his or her mind is guilty.
|
沒有犯罪意圖的行為不構成犯罪
|
| causa mortis
|
"in contemplation of death"
|
臨終作出的；預期死亡而作的
|
| succession mortis causa
|
"in contemplation of death"
|
死亡繼承
|
| mutatis mutandis
|
"having changed [the things that] needed to be changed"
|
在加以必要的變通後；加以必要的變通；可作必要的變通；在細節上經適當的修改後；經必要的變通後
|
| writ of ne exeat regno; ne exeat regno
|
"let him not go out of the realm"
|
防止被告人離開和移走財產令狀
|
| Nemo dat quod non habet.
|
He who hath not cannot give.
|
不能給付自己沒有的東西；不能付出自己沒有的東西
|
| Nemo debet esse judex in propria causa.
|
No one should be judge in his own cause.
|
無人可裁判自己的案件
|
| Nemo est supra leges.
|
No one is above the law.
|
無人可凌駕於法律之上
|
| Nemo in propria causa testis esse debet.
|
No one can be a witness in his own cause.
|
無人可在自己的案件中充當證人
|
| Nemo judex in causa sua
|
No one should be a judge in one's own case.
|
任何人不得成為自己案件的法官
|
| Iniquum est aliquem rei sui esse judicem.
|
It is unjust for anyone to be judge in his own cause.
|
自審己案有違公正。
|
| nihil dicit; nil dicit
|
"he (she) says nothing"
|
不答辯；無答辯
|
| nisi
|
"unless"
|
暫准
|
| nolle prosequi
|
"not to prosecute"
|
中止檢控
|
| non compos mentis
|
"not of sound mind"
|
精神不健全
|
| defence of non est factum
|
"not my deed"
|
否認曾訂立合約（或聲稱簽署文件時不知道文件內容）的抗辯
|
| non liquet; n.l.
|
"it is not clear"
|
不明確；不能確定何地法律；適用案情不清
|
| novus actus interveniens
|
"a new intervening act"
|
新介入的行為
|
| Noscitur a sociis.
|
It is known from its associates.
|
詞義不清時，按上下文的文意理解
|
| nudum pactum
|
"nude pact"; a promise unsupported by consideration; voluntary promise; also nude contract
|
無償合約
|
| Nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio.
|
A naked agreement is that from which no action arises.
|
不能就無償合約興訟
|
| nulla bona
|
"no goods to levy"; no goods to levy
|
沒有財物可供檢取
|
| nunc pro tunc
|
"now for then"
|
具追溯力的
|
| order nunc pro tunc
|
"now for then"
|
事後補正的命令
|
| obiter dictum
|
"thing said in passing"; thing said in passing
|
判詞旁論；法官宣判時所提出的附帶意見
|
| Actori incumbit onus probandi.
|
The burden of proof rests upon the plaintiff.
|
舉證責任在原告人
|
| ore tenus
|
"orally"; by word of mouth
|
口頭上
|
| par delictum
|
"equal wrong"; equal wrong
|
同等的過失
|
| pari passu
|
"with equal step"; at an equal pace
|
平等地；同時及同等地
|
| rank pari passu
|
"with equal step"; at an equal pace
|
享有同等權益
|
| sharing pari passu
|
"with equal step"; at an equal pace
|
享有同等權益
|
| pendente lite
|
"while the action is pending"
|
訴訟待決期間；案件待決
|
| administrator pendente lite
|
"while the action is pending"
|
訴訟待決期間遺產管理人
|
| administration pendente lite
|
"while the action is pending"
|
訴訟待決期間的遺產管理
|
| per capita
|
"by head"
|
按每個人計算
|
| per contra
|
"on the other hand"
|
反之；對比；相反
|
| per curiam; per cur.
|
"by the court"
|
用官判詞；由法庭作出的；由法院決定；引用法官判詞
|
| per incuriam
|
"through want of care or inadvertence"
|
有疏漏的判決；疏忽所致
|
| per quod
|
"whereby"
|
因此；歸咎於；由於
|
| defamation per quod
|
"whereby"; defamation requiring reference to additional facts
|
不明顯的誹謗；非直接的誹謗
|
| Quod per me non possum, nec per lium.
|
What I cannot do in person, also cannot do through the agency of another.
|
凡自己不能作出的，亦不能假手於人
|
| per se
|
"of, in, or by itself"; inherently
|
本身
|
| defamation per se
|
"of, in, or by itself"; defamation by itself
|
本質即屬誹謗者
|
| Qui facit per alium facit per se.
|
A person who acts through another acts himself.
|
代理人所作的等同於主事人所作
|
| per stirpes
|
"according to stock"
|
按家系〔無遺囑遺產分配辦法〕
|
| post hoc, ergo propter hoc
|
"after this, therefore because of this"; confusing sequence with consequence
|
事隨其後，故必由此引起〔時序與因果關係的混淆〕
|
| post mortem examination
|
"after death"
|
驗屍；死因檢驗
|
| prima facie
|
"at first sight"; on the face of it
|
表面
|
| pro bono publico
|
"for public good"; for the community as a whole
|
為了公眾利益
|
| pro forma
|
"for form"; as a matter of form
|
基於形式上的；形式上；既定格式
|
| pro hac vice
|
"for this occasion or particular purpose"
|
只此一回；限於此目的
|
| pro rata
|
"in proportion"; ratably
|
按比例
|
| pro se
|
"on one's own behalf"; on one's own behalf
|
為個人（利益）；親自（訴訟）
|
| Quilibet potest renunciare juri pro se introducto.
|
Every one may renounce or relinquish a right introduced for his own benefit.
|
人人皆可放棄自己所獲之權利
|
| pro tanto
|
"for so much"; to that extent
|
以此為限；至此
|
| pro tempore; pro tem.
|
"temporarily"; for the time being
|
暫時；臨時
|
| in propria persona
|
"in one's own person"; in person
|
無律師代表；親自（出庭）
|
| qua
|
"as claimed by"; in the capacity of; as
|
以……的身分；藉……的身分
|
| sed quaere
|
"but question"
|
需再深入審查
|
| quantum
|
"as much"
|
分量；總量；量；金額；額量
|
| quantum meruit
|
"as much as one has deserved"; the reasonable value of services
|
按服務計酬
|
| quantum valeba(n)t
|
"as much as it may be worth"; the reasonable value of goods and services
|
按值付價
|
| quasi
|
"as if"
|
準；近似；類似
|
| quid pro quo
|
"something for something"; tit for tat
|
交換條件；對價；相等的補償
|
| in statu quo; in statu quo ante
|
"in the same condition as previously"
|
按原狀；維持原狀
|
| quo warranto
|
"by what authority"; a prerogative writ
|
追究職權或特權依據的令狀
|
| ratio decidendi
|
"the reason for a decision"; reasons for judgment
|
判詞主旨；判決理由
|
| res
|
thing
|
物；財產
|
| res ipsa loquitur
|
"the thing speaks for itself"; the thing speaks for itself
|
不證自明；事實昭顯
|
| res gestae
|
"things done"; events which happened
|
已做的事；已成之事；有關事實〔以別於傳聞〕
|
| res judicata
|
"the thing has been decided"; a matter adjudged or settled by judgment; also chose jugée
|
已判事項；既判案件；已判決的事項
|
| res nullius
|
"thing of no one"
|
無主物；無主財產
|
| respondeat superior
|
"let that master or principal answer"
|
由委託人答辯〔委託人對代理人（或僱主對僱員等）所負的轉承責任〕
|
| scienter
|
"knowingly"; knowingly
|
故意；知情；明知
|
| writ of scire facias (sci. fa.)
|
"let him or her know"
|
告知令狀
|
| seriatim
|
"in series"
|
依次；逐條；順序
|
| traversed seriatim
|
"in series"
|
逐一拒認
|
| sine die
|
"without day"; indefinitely
|
無期；無限期；待續無期
|
| adjourned sine die
|
"without day"; indefinitely
|
無限期押後；休會待續無期
|
| sine qua non
|
"without which is not"
|
不可或缺的
|
| causa sine qua non
|
"cause without which not"
|
不可缺少的原因
|
| situs
|
"poistion, situation"
|
所在地
|
| stare decisis
|
"to stand by things decided and not to disturb settled points"; in full stare decisis et non quieta movere
|
遵循先例；遵照先例原則
|
| status quo
|
"the state in which; the state at which things are or were"
|
原狀；現狀
|
| status quo ante
|
"the situation that existed before something else occurred"
|
原狀
|
| sua sponte
|
"on its own motion"; on its own motion
|
主動；自行
|
| sub nomine; sub nom.
|
"under the name"; under the name of …
|
在……名（義）下
|
| subpoena
|
"under penalty"
|
傳召
|
| subpoena ad respondendum
|
commanded to appear and respond
|
傳召到庭答辯令狀
|
| subpoena ad testificandum
|
commanded to appear and testify
|
着令出庭作證的傳召證人出庭令；着令出庭作證的傳召出庭令狀
|
| subpoena duces tecum
|
commanded to bring all pertinent documents to court and testify
|
着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召證人出庭令；着令攜帶文件出庭的傳召出庭令狀
|
| suggestio falsi
|
"suggestion of an untruth"
|
假聲明；虛假的提示或暗示
|
| sui generis
|
"of its own kind"; of its own kind
|
自成一類；獨特的；自成一類的
|
| writ of supersedeas
|
"you shall desist"
|
中止訴訟程序的令狀
|
| Suppressio veri expressio falsi.
|
Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false. Also suppressio veri.
|
隱瞞事實等於說謊
|
| supra
|
"above"
|
以上；在上面的；見上文
|
| terra nullius
|
"land that belongs to nobody"
|
無主地；無人擁有之地
|
| trial de novo
|
"trial anew"
|
重審
|
| uberrima fides; uberrimae fidei
|
"of the utmost good faith"
|
符合絕對真誠原則
|
| ultra vires
|
"beyond strength"
|
越權；越權的
|
| vel non
|
"or not"; whether or not
|
不論是否
|
| veto
|
"I forbid"
|
否決
|
| vice versa
|
"the change being turned"; conversely
|
反之亦然
|
| vide
|
"see"
|
見
|
| videlicet; viz.
|
"it is permitted to see"; to wit; namely
|
即；就是
|
| vir et uxor
|
"husband and wife"
|
夫婦
|
