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氫羥腎上腺皮質素

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氫羥腎上腺皮質素
臨床資料
商品名英語Drug nomenclatureA-hydrocort, Cortef, Solu-cortef, others[1]
其他名稱Cortisol; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione; 11β,17α,21-Trihydroxyprogesterone
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682206
核准狀況
懷孕分級
給藥途徑口服給藥 (片劑), 靜脈注射, 外塗, 肛門給藥英語rectal administration
藥物類別英語Drug class皮質類固醇; 糖皮質素; 礦物皮質素
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度口服: 96 ± 20%[10][11]
血漿蛋白結合率92 ± 2% (92–93%)[10][11]
藥物代謝11β-HSDs, 其它[11]
代謝產物可體松, 其它[11]
藥效起始時間英語Onset of action口服: 1.2 ± 0.4 hours (Tmax)[10]
生物半衰期1.2–2.0 小時[10][11]
作用時間8–12 小時[12]
識別資訊
  • (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17R)-11,17-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
CAS號50-23-7  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
化學資訊
化學式C21H30O5
摩爾質量362.47 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
  • O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@]3([C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4
  • InChI=1S/C21H30O5/c1-19-7-5-13(23)9-12(19)3-4-14-15-6-8-21(26,17(25)11-22)20(15,2)10-16(24)18(14)19/h9,14-16,18,22,24,26H,3-8,10-11H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18+,19-,20-,21-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N checkY


氫羥腎上腺皮質素(英語:Hydrocortisone),又稱氫化皮質酮氫化可體松,是皮質醇作為藥物的名稱[13]。它是一種糖皮質激素,具有抗炎免疫抑制作用。可以治療:腎上腺機能不全英語Adrenal_insufficiency腎上腺生殖器綜合症高血鈣甲狀腺炎類風濕性關節炎皮膚炎哮喘慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)等疾病[1]。它是治療腎上腺機能不全的首選藥物[14]。此藥可以口服、局部塗抹或注射給藥[1]。在長期使用而要停藥時,應逐漸減少後才能完全停用[1]

它的副作用包括情緒改變、增加感染風險和水腫[1]。長期使用後,常見副作用包括骨質疏鬆胃部不適身體虛弱、容易瘀青念珠菌感染[1]。雖然可以在懷孕期使用,但安全性仍未確認[15]

此藥於 1936 年獲得專利,並於 1941 年獲准用於治療[16] [17]。並列入世界衛生組織基本藥物標準清單[18],市面上有多家學名藥[1]。2014年發展中國家每日口服藥物的每日費用約0.27美元[19]。在美國,一個月的治療費用通常不到 25美元[20]。 2017 年,它是美國最常用處方藥的第 154 名,開立的處方超過 400 萬張[21] [22]

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Hydrocortisone. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. February 9, 2015 [30 August 2016]. (原始內容存檔於20 September 2016). 
  2. ^ Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). [21 February 2021]. (原始內容存檔於20 December 2016). 
  3. ^ Hydrocortisone Notice of enforcement policy (PDF). FDA. [31 December 2022]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於12 March 2023). 
  4. ^ Ala-cort- hydrocortisone cream. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始內容存檔於27 October 2020). 
  5. ^ Ala-scalp- hydrocortisone lotion. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始內容存檔於21 April 2021). 
  6. ^ Alkindi Sprinkle- hydrocortisone granule. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始內容存檔於10 February 2022). 
  7. ^ Anusol HC- hydrocortisone acetate suppository. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始內容存檔於10 February 2022). 
  8. ^ Cortef- hydrocortisone tablet. DailyMed. [21 February 2021]. (原始內容存檔於17 April 2021). 
  9. ^ Efmody EPAR. European Medicines Agency (EMA). 24 March 2021 [14 June 2021]. (原始內容存檔於14 June 2021).  Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Czock D, Keller F, Rasche FM, Häussler U. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemically administered glucocorticoids. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 2005, 44 (1): 61–98. PMID 15634032. S2CID 24458998. doi:10.2165/00003088-200544010-00003. 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Lennernäs H, Skrtic S, Johannsson G. Replacement therapy of oral hydrocortisone in adrenal insufficiency: the influence of gastrointestinal factors. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. June 2008, 4 (6): 749–758. PMID 18611115. S2CID 73248541. doi:10.1517/17425255.4.6.749. 
  12. ^ Liu D, Ahmet A, Ward L, Krishnamoorthy P, Mandelcorn ED, Leigh R, Brown JP, Cohen A, Kim H. A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. August 2013, 9 (1): 30. PMC 3765115可免費查閱. PMID 23947590. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-9-30可免費查閱. 
  13. ^ Becker, Kenneth L. Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001: 762. ISBN 9780781717502. (原始內容存檔於2016-09-14) (英語). 
  14. ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 202. ISBN 9781284057560. 
  15. ^ Hydrocortisone Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings. Drugs.com. [1 September 2016]. (原始內容存檔於20 September 2016). 
  16. ^ 美國專利第2,183,589號
  17. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin. Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. 2006: 484 [2019-03-01]. ISBN 9783527607495. (原始內容存檔於2019-03-02) (英語). 
  18. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於13 December 2016). 
  19. ^ Hydrocortisone. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [1 September 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-27). 
  20. ^ Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 202. ISBN 9781284057560. 
  21. ^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始內容存檔於12 February 2021). 
  22. ^ Hydrocortisone - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. (原始內容存檔於12 April 2020).