单倍群O-M175

**单倍群O-M122**
单倍群O-M122
起源时间	约3万年前
共祖年代	{{{TMRCA}}}
起源地	東亞南部
上游单倍群	单倍群O-M175
对应突变	M122

**单倍群O-M175**
单倍群O-M175
起源时间	①距今36800年 [95% CI 34,300 <-> 39,300]（YFull）; ; ②距今41900年 [95% CI 31,294 <-> 51,202]（Karmin 2015）; ; ③距今44700或38300年
共祖年代	①距今31200年 [95% CI 29,400 <-> 33,100] ybp (YFull); ; ②距今34042 [95% CI 25,228 <-> 41,942]年（Karmin 2015）; ; ③根据突变率为距今35000或30000年
起源地	东亚南部
上游单倍群	NO
下游单倍群	一级：; O1（O-F265）；O2（O-M122）; 二级：; O1a（英语：Haplogroup O-M119 (Y-DNA)）（O-M119）；O1b（英语：haplogroup O-P31 (Y-DNA)）（O-M268）；; O2a （O-M324）；O2b（O-F742）
对应突变	M175（和一些SNP）。

单倍群O（O-M175）是一个人类Y染色体DNA单倍型类群，與單倍群N共同源於單倍群NO，主要分布于东亚、东南亚、太平洋島嶼、馬達加斯加、中亚、南亞等。

起源

单倍群O源自單位群NO-M214，首次出现于距今约3-4万年前，首次出現的地點可能是南亞或東亞^[5] ^[6]。

分布

單倍群O分佈於东亞、东南亞、密克羅尼西亞群島、美拉尼西亞、波利尼西亞、馬達加斯加、中亞、南亞等。由单倍群O分出的两个下游单倍群分别为O-F265与O-M122。

O-F265单倍群的ISOGG名称为O1，分O1a(O-M119)与O1b(O-M268)。下游支系如O1a-M119單倍群主要分佈在中國偏東南部、馬來群島偏東北部、美拉尼西亞偏東部島嶼、非洲東南部的馬達加斯加島等地，O1b1a1-PK4主要分佈在中國偏西南部、中南半岛、馬來群島偏西南部等地，O1b1a2-Page59主要分佈在中國東部沿海省份與北方，O1b2-P49主要分佈在朝鲜半岛、日本列島等地。

O-M122单倍群的ISOGG名称为O2，分O2a(O-M324)与O2b(O-F742)。下游支系如O2a2a-M188主要分布在中國偏南部、東南亞等，O2a2a1a1b2b2-MF114497主要分佈在在朝鲜半岛、日本列島等地，O2a2a1a2-M7主要分佈在苗瑶语族人群，O2a1b-IMS-JST002611、O2a2b1a1-M117、O2a2b1a2-F114是汉族主要的单倍群之一，也常见于如朝鮮族、滿族、赫哲族、锡伯族、漠南蒙古、土族等东亚民族，M117也常见于藏缅语族人群，例如緬族、彝族與藏族等，F114下游的O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a1b-Y22279在哈萨克族乃蛮部中高频分布，O2a2b2-AM01822主要分佈在中國華北偏東部、波利尼西亚、菲律賓等地，O2b-F742主要分佈於中國東部沿海省份等地。

系统树(O-M175)

以下系统树主要基于ISOGG于2017年的分类(wer.12.244)：^[7]与Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2019-2020

O1（F265/M1354）

O1a(旧O1) (M119)
- O1a1 (B384/Z23193)
  - O1a1a (M307.1/P203.1)
    - O1a1a1 (F446)
      - O1a1a1a (F140)
        O1a1a1a1 (F78)
        O1a1a1a1a (F81)
        O1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2458)
        O1a1a1a1a1a (F533)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1 (F492)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a (F656)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (A12440)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (A12439)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (A14788)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (F65)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a4 (MF1068)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1a5 (Z23482)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1b (FGC66168)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (CTS11553)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1c (Y31266)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1c1 (Y31261)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1d (A12441)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a1e (MF1071)
        O1a1a1a1a1a1e1 (MF1074)
        
        O1a1a1a1a1a2 (CTS4585)
        
        O1a1a1a1a2 (MF1075)
        
        O1a1a1a2 (YP4610/Z39229)
        O1a1a1a2a (AM00330/AMM480/B386)
        O1a1a1a2a1 (AM00333/AMM483/B387)
        O1a1a1a2a1a (B388)
        
        O1a1a1a2b (SK1555)
      - O1a1a1b (SK1568/Z23420)
        O1a1a1b1 (M101)
        
        O1a1a1b2 (Z23392)
        O1a1a1b2a (Z23442)
        O1a1a1b2a1 (SK1571)
    - O1a1a2 (CTS52)
      - O1a1a2a (CTS701)
        O1a1a2a1 (K644/Z23266)
  - O1a1b (CTS5726)
- O1a2 (M110)
  - O1a2a (F3288)
    - O1a2a1 (B392)
      - O1a2a1a (B393)
- O1a3 (Page109)
O1b(旧O2) (M268)
- O1b1 (F2320)
  - O1b1a (M1470)
    - O1b1a1 (PK4)
      - O1b1a1a(旧O2a) (M95)
        O1b1a1a1 (F1803/M1348)
        O1b1a1a1a (F1252)
        O1b1a1a1a1 (F2924)
        O1b1a1a1a1a (M111)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1 (F2758)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a (Z24083)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (Z24089)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a (F923)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (CTS2022)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a (F1399)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a1a1 (F2415)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24131)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1a3 (Z24100)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b (SK1627/Z24091)
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a1b1 (Z39410)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z24088)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1a2 (F2890)
        O1b1a1a1a1a2a (Z24048)
        O1b1a1a1a1a2a1 (Z24050)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1a2b (Z24014)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1b (CTS5854)
        O1b1a1a1a1b1 (Z23810)
        O1b1a1a1a1b1a (CTS7399)
        O1b1a1a1a1b1a1 (FGC19713/Y14026)
        O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a (Z23849)
        O1b1a1a1a1b1a1a1 (FGC61038)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1b1b (CTS651)
        O1b1a1a1a1b1b1 (CTS9884)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1b2 (F4229)
        
        O1b1a1a1a1b2a (F809)
        O1b1a1a1a1b2a1 (F2517)
        
        O1b1a1a1a2 (SK1630)
        O1b1a1a1a2a (SK1636)
        
        O1b1a1a1b (F789/M1283)
        O1b1a1a1b1 (FGC29900/Y9322/Z23667)
        O1b1a1a1b1a (B426/FGC29896/Y9033/Z23671)
        O1b1a1a1b1a1 (FGC29907/YP3930)
        
        O1b1a1a1b1a2 (B427/Z23680)
        O1b1a1a1b1b (Z39485)
        
        O1b1a1a1b1c (B418)
        
        O1b1a1a1b2 (SK1646)
        
        O1b1a1a2 (CTS350)
        
        O1b1a1a3 (Page103)
      - O1b1a1b (F838)
        O1b1a1b1 (F1199)
    - O1b1a2（旧O2*）(Page59)
      - O1b1a2a (F993)
        O1b1a2a1 (F1759)
        O1b1a2a1a (CTS1127)
      - O1b1a2b (F417/M1654)
        O1b1a2b1 (F840)
        O1b1a2b1a (F1127)
        
        O1b1a2b2 (CTS1451)
      - O1b1a2c (CTS9996)
- O1b2(旧O2b) (P49, M176)
  - - O1b2a1 (CTS9259)
      - O1b2a1a (F1204)
        O1b2a1a1 (CTS713)
        O1b2a1a1a (CTS1875)
        O1b2a1a1a1 (CTS10682)
        
        O1b2a1a1b (Z24598)
        
        O1b2a1a1c (CTS203)
        
        O1b2a1a2 (F2868)
        O1b2a1a2a (L682)
        O1b2a1a2a1 (CTS723)
        O1b2a1a2a1a (CTS7620)
        
        O1b2a1a2a1b (A12446)
        O1b2a1a2a1b1 (PH40)
        
        O1b2a1a2b (F940)
        
        O1b2a1a3 (CTS10687)
        O1b2a1a3a (CTS1215)
      - O1b2a1b (CTS562)
    - O1b2a2 (Page90)

O2（O-M122）

- O-M122 (M122)
  - O2a (M324)
    - O2a1 (L127.1)
      - O2a1a (F1876/Page127)
        O2a1a1 (F2159)
        O2a1a1a (F1867/Page124)
        O2a1a1a1 (F852)
        O2a1a1a1a (F2266)
        O2a1a1a1a1 (L599)
        O2a1a1a1a1a (Z43961)
        O2a1a1a1a1a1 (Z43963)
        
        O2a1a1a1b (F854)
        O2a1a1a1b1 (Z43966)
        
        O2a1a1a1c (Page130)
        
        O2a1a1b (F915)
        O2a1a1b1 (F1478)
        O2a1a1b1a (PF5390)
        O2a1a1b1a1 (CTS1936)
        
        O2a1a1b1a1a (Z43975)
        
        O2a1a1b1a2 (FGC33994)
      - O2a1b (IMS-JST002611, CTS1872, CTS2483, CTS5879, F61, F99, F240, F247, F302, F309, F460, F562)
        O2a1b1 (F18)
        O2a1b1a (F117)
        O2a1b1a1 (F13)
        O2a1b1a1a (F11)
        O2a1b1a1a1 (F632)
        O2a1b1a1a1a (F110/M11115)
        O2a1b1a1a1a1 (F17)
        O2a1b1a1a1a1a (F377)
        O2a1b1a1a1a1a1 (F1095)
        O2a1b1a1a1a1a1a (F856)
        O2a1b1a1a1a1a1a1 (F1418)
        
        O2a1b1a1a1a1a1a2 (Z25097)
        
        O2a1b1a1a1a1a2 (CTS7501)
        
        O2a1b1a1a1a1b (F793)
        
        O2a1b1a1a1a2 (Y20951)
        O2a1b1a1a1a2a (Y20932)
        
        O2a1b1a1a2 (F38)
        
        O2a1b1a1a3 (F12)
        
        O2a1b1a1a4 (F930)
        O2a1b1a1a4a (F2685)
        
        O2a1b1a1a5 (F1365/M5420/PF1558)
        O2a1b1a1a5a (Y15976)
        O2a1b1a1a5a1 (Y16154)
        O2a1b1a1a5a1a (Y26383)
        O2a1b1a1a5a1a1 (SK1686)
        
        O2a1b1a1a5b (FGC54486)
        O2a1b1a1a5b1 (FGC54507)
        
        O2a1b1a1a6 (CTS12877)
        O2a1b1a1a6a (F2527)
        O2a1b1a1a6a1 (CTS5409)
        
        O2a1b1a1a6a2 (F2941)
        
        O2a1b1a1a7 (F723)
        
        O2a1b1a1a8 (CTS2107)
        
        O2a1b1a1a9 (SK1691)
        
        O2a1b1a1b (PH203)
        
        O2a1b1b (F449)
        O2a1b1b1 (F238)
        O2a1b1b1a (F134)
        O2a1b1b1a1 (F1273)
        
        O2a1b1b1a2 (F724)
        
        O2a1b1b2 (F1266)
        
        O2a1b1c (CTS498)
        
        O2a1b2 (FGC3750/SK1673)
        O2a1b2a（CST879）
        O2a1b2a1（SK1670, SK1672）
        O2a1b2a1a（SK1671）
        O2a1b2a1a1（M164）
        
        O2a1b2a1b（MF9326, MF9328, MF9339）
        
        O2a1b2a2（Z38921, Z38922）
        O2a1b2a2a（Z38920）

- - - O2a2 (IMS-JST021354/P201)
      - O2a2a (M188)
        O2a2a1 (F2588)
        O2a2a1a (CTS445)
        O2a2a1a1 (CTS201)
        O2a2a1a1a (M159/Page96)
        
        O2a2a1a2 (M7)
        O2a2a1a2a (F1276)
        O2a2a1a2a1 (CTS6489)
        O2a2a1a2a1a (F1275)
        O2a2a1a2a1a1 (M113)
        
        O2a2a1a2a1a2 (N5)
        
        O2a2a1a2a1a3 (Z25400)
        
        O2a2a1a2a2 (F1863)
        O2a2a1a2a2a (F1134)
        O2a2a1a2a2a1 (F1262)
        
        O2a2a1a2b (Y26403)
        
        O2a2a1b (F1837)
        
        O2a2a2 (F879)
        O2a2a2a (F1226)
        O2a2a2a1 (F2859)
      - O2a2b (P164)
        O2a2b1 (M134)
        O2a2b1a (F450/M1667)
        O2a2b1a1 (M117/Page23)
        O2a2b1a1a (M133)
        O2a2b1a1a1 (F438)
        O2a2b1a1a1a (Y17728)
        O2a2b1a1a1a1 (F155)
        O2a2b1a1a1a1a (F813/M6539)
        O2a2b1a1a1a1a1 (Y20928)
        
        O2a2b1a1a1a2 (F1754)
        O2a2b1a1a1a2a (F2137)
        O2a2b1a1a1a2a1 (F1442)
        O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a (F1123)
        O2a2b1a1a1a2a1a1 (F1369)
        
        O2a2b1a1a1a2a2 (A16636)
        
        O2a2b1a1a1a3 (Z25907)
        
        O2a2b1a1a2 (FGC23469/Z25852)
        O2a2b1a1a2a (F310)
        O2a2b1a1a2a1 (F402)
        O2a2b1a1a2a1a (F1531)
        
        O2a2b1a1a3 (CTS7634)
        O2a2b1a1a3a (F317)
        O2a2b1a1a3a1 (F3039)
        
        O2a2b1a1a3a2 (Y29861)
        
        O2a2b1a1a3b (CTS5488)
        
        O2a2b1a1a4 (Z25853)
        O2a2b1a1a4a (CTS5492)
        O2a2b1a1a4a1 (CTS6987)
        O2a2b1a1a4a1a (Z42620)
        
        O2a2b1a1a4a2 ( F20963)
        
        O2a2b1a1a5 (CTS10738/M1707)
        O2a2b1a1a5a (CTS9678)
        O2a2b1a1a5a1 (Z39663)
        
        O2a2b1a1a5a2 (M1513)
        
        O2a2b1a1a5b (A9457)
        O2a2b1a1a5b1 (F17158)
        
        O2a2b1a1a6 (CTS4658)
        O2a2b1a1a6a (CTS5308)
        
        O2a2b1a1a6b (Z25928)
        O2a2b1a1a6b1 (SK1730/Z25982)
        O2a2b1a1a6b1a (Z26030)
        
        O2a2b1a1a6b1b (Z26010)
        
        O2a2b1a1a6b2 (A9462)
        
        O2a2b1a1a6b3 (B456)
        
        O2a2b1a1a7 (YP4864)
        O2a2b1a1a7a (Z44068)
        O2a2b1a1a7a1 (F5525/SK1748)
        
        O2a2b1a1a7b (Z44071)
        
        O2a2b1a1a8 (Z44091)
        O2a2b1a1a8a (Z44092)
        
        O2a2b1a1b (CTS4960)
        
        O2a2b1a2 (F122)
        O2a2b1a2 (F114/F444)
        O2a2b1a2a (F629)
        O2a2b1a2a1 (F79)
        O2a2b1a2a1a (F46/Y15)
        O2a2b1a2a1a1 (F48)
        O2a2b1a2a1a1a (F152)
        O2a2b1a2a1a1a1 (F2505)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a1b (CTS3149)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a2 (F242)
        O2a2b1a2a1a2a (CTS4266)
        O2a2b1a2a1a2a1 (Z26108)
        O2a2b1a2a1a2a1a (F2173)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a3 (F2887)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3a (F3607)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3a1 (F3525)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b (CTS3763)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b1 (A9472)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2 (FGC16863/Y7110)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a (L1360)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2a1 (FGC16889)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b (SK1768/Y7112/Z26257)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1 (F4249)
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b1a (FGC23868)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1a3b2b2 (CTS335)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1b (CTS53)
        O2a2b1a2a1b1 (CTS6373)
        O2a2b1a2a1b1a (A9473)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1c (F3386)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1d (Y29828)
        O2a2b1a2a1d1 (F735)
        O2a2b1a2a1d1a (FGC34973)
        
        O2a2b1a2a1d1b (F1739)
        
        O2a2b1a2b (F743)
        O2a2b1a2b1 (CTS8481)
        O2a2b1a2b1a (CTS4325)
        O2a2b1a2b1a1 (A16629)
        
        O2a2b1a2b1a2 (CTS682)
        
        O2a2b1a2b2 (F748)
        O2a2b1a2b2a (F728)
        
        O2a2b1a2c (Page101)
        
        O2a2b2 (AM01822/F3223)
        O2a2b2a (AM01856/F871)
        O2a2b2a1 (N7)
        O2a2b2a1a (F4110)
        O2a2b2a1a1 (F4068)
        
        O2a2b2a1a2 (SK1780)
        
        O2a2b2a1b (F4124)
        O2a2b2a1b1 (IMS-JST008425p6)
        
        O2a2b2a1b2 (BY15188)
        O2a2b2a1b2a (F16411)
        
        O2a2b2a2 (AM01845/F706)
        O2a2b2a2a (F717)
        O2a2b2a2a1 (F3612)
        
        O2a2b2a2a2 (SK1783)
        
        O2a2b2a2b (AM01847/B451)
        O2a2b2a2b1 (A17418)
        
        O2a2b2a2b2 (AM01756)
        O2a2b2a2b2a (B450)
        
        O2a2b2a2b2b (AM00472/B452)
        O2a2b2a2b2b1 (F18942)
        
        O2a2b2a2b2c (A16427)
        
        O2a2b2b (A16433)
        O2a2b2b1 (A16438)
        O2a2b2b1a (SK1775)
        O2a2b2b1a1 (SK1774)
        
        O2a2b2b1b (A16440)
    - O2a3 (M300)
    - O2a4 (M333)
  - O2b (F742)
    - O2b1 (F1150)
      - O2b1a (F837)
        O2b1a1 (F1025)
    - O2b2 (F1055)
      - O2b2a (F3021)

人类Y染色体DNA单倍型类群进化树

Y染色体最近共同祖先

A

A1b

A1a-T

A1a

A2-T

A2

A3

BT

B

CT

DE

CF

D

E

C

F

G

H

IJK

IJ

K

I

J

LT

K(xLT)

L

T

M

NO

P

S

O

N

Q

R

各族群Y染色体单倍型类群 · 著名的Y染色體單倍型類群人

注释

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 YFull Haplogroup YTree （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） v5.04 at 16 May 2017
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Wilson Sayres MA, Järve M, Talas UG, et al. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture. Genome Research. April 2015, 25 (4): 459–66. PMC 4381518 . PMID 25770088. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, Willems TF, Massaia A, Wilson Sayres MA, et al. Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences. Nature Genetics. June 2016, 48 (6): 593–9. PMC 4884158 . PMID 27111036. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.
^ ISOGG 2017
^ Scheinfeldt 2006
^ Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hong-Xiang Zheng et al. (2013), "Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Are Descendants of Three Neolithic Super-grandfathers." E-print at arXiv:1310.3897 [q-bio.PE].
^ (Karafet 2017)
^ (Shi 2009)
^ (GenographicProject 2005)
^ (Krahn and FTDNA 2013)

参考文献

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Firasat, Sadaf; Khaliq, Shagufta; Mohyuddin, Aisha; Papaioannou, Myrto; Tyler-Smith, Chris; Underhill, Peter A; Ayub, Qasim. Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2006, 15 (1): 121–6. PMC 2588664 . PMID 17047675. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726.
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Ratliff, Martha. Ho Ne (She) is Hmongic: One final argument (PDF). Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 21.2:97-109. 1998 [2017-04-07]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-12-16）.
Rootsi, Siiri; Zhivotovsky, Lev A; Baldovič, Marian; Kayser, Manfred; Kutuev, Ildus A; Khusainova, Rita; Bermisheva, Marina A; Gubina, Marina; et al. A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2006, 15 (2): 204–11. PMID 17149388. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748.
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Su, B.; Jin, Li; Underhill, Peter; Martinson, Jeremy; Saha, Nilmani; McGarvey, Stephen T.; Shriver, Mark D.; Chu, Jiayou; et al. Polynesian origins: Insights from the Y chromosome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2000, 97 (15): 8225–8228. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.8225S. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.15.8225.
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ISOGG. Y-DNA Haplogroup O and its Subclades - 2012. 2012 [2017-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2022-01-20）.
TMC. Genetic Findings Support 'Out of Africa' Theory. 1998 [2017-04-07]. （原始内容存档于2009-10-10）.

[YFull-1] 1.0 ^1.1 YFull Haplogroup YTree （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） v5.04 at 16 May 2017

[Karmin2015-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, Wilson Sayres MA, Järve M, Talas UG, et al. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture. Genome Research. April 2015, 25 (4): 459–66. PMC 4381518 . PMID 25770088. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114.

[Poznik2016-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, Willems TF, Massaia A, Wilson Sayres MA, et al. Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences. Nature Genetics. June 2016, 48 (6): 593–9. PMC 4884158 . PMID 27111036. doi:10.1038/ng.3559.

[isogg2017-4] ISOGG 2017

[5] Scheinfeldt 2006

[Yan2013-6] Shi Yan, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hong-Xiang Zheng et al. (2013), "Y Chromosomes of 40% Chinese Are Descendants of Three Neolithic Super-grandfathers." E-print at arXiv:1310.3897 [q-bio.PE].

[7] (Karafet 2017)

[8] (Shi 2009)

[9] (GenographicProject 2005)

[10] (Krahn and FTDNA 2013)

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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